Diagnostics starting with a letter e

List Diagnostics – E

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W X

Eye examination with side (focal) and transmitted light

The method is designed to detect subtle changes in the anterior part of the eyeball. The study is conducted in a dark room using a table lamp installed on the left and front of the patient at a distance of 40-50 cm at the level of his face.

Eye

First of all, pay attention, are the eyes the same size? Look, whether the eyelids are symmetrical and whether their retraction is normal when looking up. Ptosis is the descent of the upper eyelid and the absence of normal retraction when looking up.

Examination of the skin and nails

The main complaint of patients, which causes to pay attention to the condition of the skin, is itching. Most often, it occurs simultaneously with skin changes that are detected during examination (for example, in psoriasis).

Examination of the respiratory function of the nose

A person suffering from a violation of nasal breathing can be identified at the first glance at him. If this deficiency accompanies him from an early childhood (chronic adenoiditis), then signs of respiratory failure of the nose are detected with a single cursory examination of the face

Examination of the head, neck, bones and muscles

Examination of the head may be important primarily due to the presence of changes in the sense organs. It is possible to change the shape of the head (usually congenital) in the form of microcephaly and macrocephaly. With various diseases, there is a trembling of the head, for example, in parkinsonism, in the elderly.

Examination of the abdomen

For examination and further examination of the abdomen, it should be sufficiently exposed. It is necessary that the inguinal areas be inspected in full. The patient should lie in a comfortable position. The room should be warm.

Examination of patients in a coma

Coma is the most profound oppression of consciousness, in which the patient is unable to enter into verbal contact, execute commands, open eyes and react in a co-ordinated manner to pain stimuli. The coma develops with a bilateral diffuse lesion (anatomical or metabolic) of the cortex and subcortex of the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem or with combined lesions at these levels.

Examination of lacrimal organs

The marginal tear stream of both eyes is examined with a slit lamp before other manipulations on the eyelids or by instillation of local preparations that can change the clinical picture. Many patients with tearfulness do not have pronounced lachrymation, but when examined they are diagnosed with a high marginal tear stream on the affected side.

Examination of female external genital organs

A special gynecological examination begins with an examination of the external genitalia. In this case, attention is drawn to hair in the pubic region and large labia, possible pathological changes (swelling, tumors, atrophy, pigmentation, etc.), height and shape of the perineum (high, low, trough).

Examination of bronchi and trachea

Trachea and bronchi belong to the lower respiratory tract and provide the function of external respiration, therefore the main sign of their diverse pathological states is often the lack of external respiration, which develops as a result of airway obstruction.

Esophagus examination

Dysphagia is a difficulty in swallowing, passing food through the esophagus. Pharyngeal dysphagia is a difficulty in swallowing a food lump (sometimes with a cough), it is usually caused by neuromuscular disorders.

Esophagoscopy. Causes. Symptoms. Diagnostics. Treatment

Esophagoscopy makes it possible to directly examine the internal surface of the esophagus with the help of a rigid esophagoscope or a flexible fibroscope. By esophagoscopy, it is possible to determine the presence of foreign bodies and carry out their removal, diagnose tumors, diverticula, scar and functional stenoses

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

The goals of esophagogastroduodenoscopy are the detection of lesions of the mucous membranes of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum in acute and chronic infectious diseases, other diseases or complications. Implementation of medical measures. Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment.

Epidural anesthesia

Epidural anesthesia turns off all kinds of functional nerve activity: motor, sensory and vegetative. In contrast to the spinal, in which the local anesthetic solution is mixed and diluted with cerebrospinal fluid, with epidural anesthesia it spreads along the epidural space, part of it leaves the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen, which makes the spread of epidural anesthesia not always predictable.

Enterosorption

Enterosorption refers to the so-called non-invasive sorption methods, since it does not provide for direct contact of the sorbent with blood.

Endovascular dilatation (angioplasty)

Endovascular dilatation, or angioplasty, is one of the most effective ways of treating limited segmental vascular lesions - stenosis and occlusion.

Endoscopy with gastrointestinal bleeding

Gastrointestinal bleeding is a secondary pathological condition. The most common causes of bleeding from the upper sections of the gastrointestinal tract are chronic gastric or duodenal ulcer. In recent years, the number of patients hospitalized for peptic ulcer has significantly decreased, but the number of patients with bleeding chronic ulcers remains unchanged.

Endoscopy of the stomach

Endoscopy of the stomach (EGDS, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, gastroscopy) is a kind of endoscopic examination that examines the duodenum, the mucous membrane of the stomach and esophagus with the help of an endoscope.

Endoscopy of the maxillary sinus

The use of modern fiber-optic endoscopes allows examining the maxillary sinus in vivo and revealing the signs of sebaceous inflammations (mucosal hyperemia, its polyposis changes, etc.).

Endoscopy of the intestine

Duodenoscopy can also be performed with instruments with a faceted optics arrangement. The greatest advantages they have in examining patients who have undergone stomach resection by the method of Bilrot-II.

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List Diagnostics – E

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