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List Diagnostics – B

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X
Bronchoscopy

The invention of the fiber bronchoscope by S. Ikeda et al. in 1968 increased the value of both diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopy and expanded the range of its application. The resolution capabilities of bronchoscopy expanded: it became possible to examine all fourth-order bronchi, 86% of fifth-order bronchi, and 56% of sixth-order bronchi (G.I. Lukomsky et al., 1973).

Bronchography
Bronchography allows doctors to assess the condition of the bronchi, identify possible changes such as tumors, structural abnormalities or obstructions, and helps in establishing diagnoses and planning treatment.
Bronchial and tracheal examination
The trachea and bronchi belong to the lower respiratory tract and provide the function of external respiration, therefore the main symptom of their various pathological conditions is often the insufficiency of external respiration, developing as a result of obstruction of the airways.
Breast X-ray (mammography)
Mammography is an X-ray of the mammary gland without the use of contrast agents. X-rays are taken on X-ray machines specially designed for this purpose - mammographs. The power of their X-ray tubes is 19-32 kV, they have two focal spots with a diameter of 0.3 and 0.1 mm. The anode of the tube is made of molybdenum, and the output window is made of beryllium.
breast ultrasound

The most common method of examining mammary glands worldwide is X-ray mammography. In our country, X-ray mammography is still the leading diagnostic method, although in other countries, echography or ultrasound mammography (ultrasound of the mammary glands) are successfully used alongside it.

Breast MRI
MRI of the mammary glands or magnetic resonance imaging is a study that significantly helps to establish a diagnosis of the disease and carry out its treatment.
Breast biopsy
A breast biopsy as a medical research method is a procedure for taking a sample of cells from a patient's diseased breast for subsequent microscopic examination at the cellular level - the so-called "pathomorphological analysis".
Bowel endoscopy
Duodenoscopy can also be performed using devices with end-mounted optics. They have the greatest advantages when examining patients who have undergone gastric resection using the Bilroth-II method.
Bone X-rays
The X-ray method made it possible to obtain new data on the anatomy and physiology of the musculoskeletal system: to study the structure and function of bones and joints during life, in the whole organism, when a person is exposed to various environmental factors.
Bone ultrasound
It is impossible to study the bone structure using the ultrasound method. However, the ultrasound method can be used to evaluate the bone surface and cortex. Targeted examination of the bone surface is carried out in rheumatoid arthritis, trauma, and various infections. Marginal erosions and synovial ulcers are best detected by ultrasound examination.
Bone study

When examining the skeletal system (bones), first of all, attention is paid to the patient's complaints. Thus, sharp, suddenly appearing pains after an injury may indicate bone fractures; dull, gradually increasing pains in the bones are often associated with some inflammatory process; persistent, debilitating, often clearly localized pains occur with metastases to the bones of malignant tumors.

Blood

A number of human diseases are accompanied by various disorders of the blood system, the clinical manifestations of which often completely coincide with the symptoms of blood diseases themselves, specially studied by hematologists. These signs reflect disorders of erythropoiesis (accompanied by a decrease in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood), leukopoiesis, and thrombocytopoiesis.

Bladder ultrasound
Indications for bladder ultrasound: Dysuria or frequent urination. Hematuria (wait until the bleeding stops).
Biopsy in gynecology
Cervical biopsy. Cervical biopsy is performed when cancer and other diseases are suspected. Cervical tissue is excised after a colposcopic examination, as this allows for precise determination of the area of the cervix for biopsy.
Biomicroscopy
Biomicroscopy is intravital microscopy of eye tissues, a method that allows one to examine the anterior and posterior sections of the eyeball under different lighting conditions and image sizes.
Bimanual vaginal examination

Vaginal (internal) examination is performed with the middle and index fingers of one hand (usually the right). The other hand must first spread the labia. Vaginal examination allows you to determine the condition of the pelvic floor muscles, large glands of the vestibule, urethra, vagina

Bicontrast gynecography
Bicontrast gynecography is a combination of hysterosalpingography and pneumogynecography. It is performed in the 2nd phase of the menstrual cycle. Carbon dioxide, oxygen or nitrous oxide are used. The patient is placed in the Trendelenburg position. Careful preparation of the patient is necessary to obtain a clear radiographic picture of the uterus and ovaries.