Diffusion is the main physical process occurring during metabolic reactions of the cell. The first diffusion-weighted MR image was constructed in 1985. Diffusion MRI came into clinical practice together with MRI scanners of the third generation. To obtain diffusion-weighted tomograms, echoplanar pulse sequences "spin echo" EPI with two diffusion gradients of the same amplitude and duration are used.

Abdominal pain, which varies widely in duration and nature, is most often localized in the upper half of the abdomen, primarily in the epigastric region or left hypochondrium, radiating to the back.

It is quite easy to detect hearing loss and deafness in adults. Most of the methods they use are based on the subject's responses to sounds of certain tones and frequencies, as well as speech, given by a tuning fork or through headphones. The curve derived from these subjective responses characterizes the state of the auditory function.