List Diagnostics – C
Quantitative (digital, computer, paperless) electroencephalography arose in connection with the rapid development of electronic computing technology as a further development of the EEG method.
One of the most important advantages of prostate CT is the relatively low operator dependence of the method: the results of an examination performed using a standard method can be reviewed and interpreted by different specialists without the need for a repeat examination.
If there are no contraindications, computed tomography of the neck is performed after intravenous administration of a contrast agent. The use of contrast agents allows for more reliable determination of the presence of a malignant neoplasm and inflammatory process. For adequate enhancement of the neck vessels, a larger amount of contrast agent is required than, for example, for computed tomography of the head.
As a rule, the chest cavity examination is performed in the transverse direction (axial slices) with a slice thickness and scanning step of 8 - 10 mm. For example, when performing 10 mm thick slices, with an overlap of 1 mm, the table advances with a step of 8 mm.
Many CT studies of the brain are performed without the introduction of a contrast agent. For example, in the differential diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage and stroke in patients with acute neurological disorders, the introduction of contrast agents is not required.
All parenchymatous organs should be equally well visible. The only exceptions may be the manifestation of the private volume effect and the early arterial phase of contrast enhancement in spiral scanning. Structures such as blood vessels and intestinal loops should also be clearly visualized against the background of fatty tissue. The same applies to muscles.
Computed tomography is a special type of X-ray examination that is performed by indirectly measuring the attenuation, or weakening, of X-rays from various positions defined around the patient being examined.
Colposcopy was proposed in 1925 by Hinzelman. Colposcopy allows for a detailed examination of the vaginal portion of the cervix and vaginal walls using a special optical device - a colposcope. The colposcope design includes an optical lens system with a focal length of 25-28 cm and replaceable eyepieces that provide magnification from 6 to 28 times
Color vision testing can be informative in the clinical evaluation of hereditary retinal dystrophies when its impairment occurs before visual acuity decreases and scotomas appear.
To cleanse the intestines without using enemas, you can use various tablets, including those developed by Russian pharmacists.
Clinical radiometry is the measurement of radioactivity of the whole body or part of it after the introduction of a radiopharmaceutical into the body. Gamma-emitting radionuclides are usually used in clinical practice.
Cleansing the body at home, despite the popularity of such methods and their convenience, has its negative nuances. It is necessary to remember about possible exacerbations, the risk of developing acute conditions that require urgent medical care, in a word, before carrying out home procedures, you should think through your actions in detail, assess your health and weigh all the pros and cons.
The term “classical” hemodialysis should be understood as intermittent (lasting no more than 3-4 hours) therapy, with a frequency of 3 times a week, using high blood flow rates (250-300 ml/min), dialysate (up to 30 l/h) and dialysis “dose” (Kt/V, at least more than 1).
Circumcision is the partial surgical removal of the foreskin. The most common surgical procedure in men. Prevalence varies in different countries: 50% in Canada, 60-90% in the USA, 90-95% in Israel.
Despite widespread condemnation of circumcision, the practice continues in many countries, with prevalence ranging from less than 1% to 99%.
Chromoendoscopy is a method of endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) with staining with various dyes safe for humans of suspected pathological superficial changes in the mucous membrane of the organs being examined, allowing to identify and differentiate minimal pathological changes in the epithelium of the mucous membrane by means of a comprehensive visual examination through an endofibroscope and histological examination of targeted biopsy materials.
Chromoendoscopy is used for differential diagnostics of diseases that are difficult to distinguish by endoscopic signs. Most often, this concerns benign and malignant diseases, especially early forms, as well as determining the true boundaries of tumor lesions and inflammatory-degenerative changes in the mucous membrane.
From its first use in 1882 (C. Langenbuch) until 1987, cholecystectomy remained the only effective method of treating gallstone disease. The technique of the operation has reached its perfection over the years.
To perform any operation, the cervix is exposed in mirrors. The vagina and cervix are treated with iodonate and ethyl alcohol, the cervix is taken with bullet forceps and lowered to the area of the entrance to the vagina. Long mirrors are replaced with short wide ones, since they do not allow the cervix to be lowered freely enough.
Cervical or suboccipital puncture can be used in the presence of contraindications to conventional lumbar puncture (for example, in case of an infectious process in the lumbar region).
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