List Analyzes – A
Thyroid peroxidase is an enzyme firmly bound to the granular endoplasmic reticulum of epithelial cells of the thyroid follicles. It carries out the oxidation of iodides in the follicles to active iodine and iodination of tyrosine.
Autoantibodies to thyroglobulin in serum - antibodies to the predecessor of thyroid hormones. They bind thyroglobulin, disrupting the synthesis of hormones and thereby causing hypothyroidism.
The detection of autoantibodies to islet cell antigens has the greatest prognostic value in the development of type 1 diabetes. They appear 1-8 years before the clinical manifestation of the disease.
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the blood - this unpronounceable phrase denotes a special cell enzyme that actively participates in the normal exchange and interaction of almost all amino acids. AST is in large quantities in the heart tissues, as well as in cells of the liver, nervous tissue and in the kidneys.
Apo-B is the main transporter of triglycerides from the intestine to the fat cells, so it was called the "big loader". The increase in the content of apo-B in the blood is usually combined with a high concentration of LDL and is inherent in familial HLL, which is often complicated by myocardial infarction.
Each primary lipoprotein is characterized by the presence in its composition of an individual, only inherent protein (apolipoprotein). Apolipoproteins are denoted in Latin letters, some of which are a family of proteins and are also indicated by numbers (for example, apo-A1, apo-A2, etc.).
Antithrombin III is a glycoprotein, the most important natural inhibitor of blood coagulation; inhibits thrombin and a number of activated clotting factors (Xa, XIIa, IXa). Antithrombin III forms a high-speed complex - heparin-ATIII - with heparin. The main site for the synthesis of antithrombin III is the liver parenchyma cells.
ASLO - antibodies against streptococcal hemolysin. A. ASLO is a marker of acute streptococcal infection. The concentration of ASLO rises in the acute period of infection (7-14 days) and decreases during convalescence and recovery.
In men, antisperm antibodies are formed as a result of an autoimmune reaction to the spermatogenic epithelium. Etiological factors contributing to the development of such a reaction include testicular trauma, bacterial and viral infections, surgical operations on the testicle (for example, after vasectomy, antisperm antibodies are detected in all men), in some cases, the cause can not be established.
Antimitochondrial antibodies are produced to antigens of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Antigen by structure is a lipoprotein, which participates in the transport functions of the membrane.
Antimulylerov a hormone is a special substance which takes part in regulation of a reproductive function of the person. The hormone is present in the body in both men and women.
Antidiuretic hormone is a peptide consisting of 9 amino acid residues. It is synthesized as prohormone in hypothalamic neurons, whose bodies are located in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei.
Tissue transglutaminase belongs to a family of calcium-dependent acyltransferases that catalyze the formation of cross-links between proteins. It has now been established that tissue transglutaminase is the main, if not the only endomysial antigen in patients with celiac disease.
Tubulointerstitial nephritis is an inflammatory disease of the kidneys of a noninfectious nature with the localization of the pathological process in the interstitial (interstitial) tissue and the damage to the tubular nephron apparatus.
Antibodies to microsomal liver and kidney antigen (LKM) are a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies, which are divided into three subtypes based on their Ag targets. The cytochrome P-450IID6 component with a molecular weight of 50,000 was identified as the main LKM-I antigen (LKM-1), LKM-2 was directed to cytochrome P-450IIC9
Elevated levels of antibodies to gliadin in the blood serum can be detected in 25% of patients with herpetiform dermatitis and autoimmune diseases.
Antibodies to the cytoplasm of neutrophils (ANCA) - a complex of antibodies specific for various granulocyte, monocytic and, possibly, endothelial cytoplasmic antigen.
The presence of antibodies to the basal membrane of the glomeruli (anti-BMC) is most typical for patients with fast-progressive glomerulonephritis (anti-BMC glomerulonephritis). All patients with anti-BMC glomerulonephritis can be divided into two groups: only with kidney pathology and Goodpasture's disease (50%), in which the latter is combined with pulmonary.
Antibodies to the adrenal glands are directed against the microsomal structures of cells of the adrenal cortex. They belong to IgG, they possess organ-specificity and are more frequent in women.
Antibodies to the group-specific polysaccharide polysaccharide (anti-A-CHO) appear in the first week of infection, their titer rapidly increases, reaching a peak at week 3-4 of the disease.