List Analyzes – F
From acid loading tests in the clinic, samples with an ammonium load are more often used.
Diseases of the thyroid gland by prevalence are the second most endocrine diseases after diabetes mellitus. They develop as a result of violations of the regulation of thyroid function, changes in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones or their action in tissues.
Like the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, the adrenal medulla is a derivative of the nerve tissue. It can be considered as a specialized sympathetic ganglion.
The reproductive system consists of certain structures of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, gonads, target organs (uterine tubes, uterus, etc.). Elements of the reproductive system are interconnected by information signals, allowing it to function as a single whole.
Fructosamine is a product of glycosylation of blood plasma proteins. Glucose enters into a non-enzymatic interaction with proteins, forming Schiff bases.
On cT3 it is 0.3% of its total amount in the blood. The fraction cT3 provides the entire spectrum of metabolic activity. ST3 is a product of the metabolic transformation of T4 outside the thyroid gland.
On сT4 (thyroxine) accounts for 0.03% of its total amount in the blood. With the normal functioning of the thyroid gland, the mechanisms that regulate its function work in such a way that the content of cT4 (thyroxine) does not depend on the concentration of TSH.
Estriol - the main steroid hormone, synthesized by the placenta. In the first stage of the synthesis, which takes place in the embryo, the cholesterol produced de novo or coming from the pregnant woman's blood turns into pregnenolone, which is sulphated by the adrenal cortex of the fetus in DHEA, then fetal liver turns into α-hydroxy-DHEAS, and then into estriol in placenta.
Free cortisol (not associated with blood plasma proteins) is filtered in the renal glomeruli and excreted in the urine. Free cortisol in blood plasma is the main biologically active form of the hormone.
Chorionic gonadotropin is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 46,000, consisting of two subunits, alpha and beta. The protein is secreted by trophoblast cells.
CYFRA-21-1 is a marker of non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. With a specificity of 95%, CYFRA-21-1 has a significantly higher sensitivity (49%) than CEA (29%). The sensitivity of CYFRA-21-1 in squamous cell carcinoma of the lungs is much higher (60%) than the sensitivity of CEA (18%).
Yellow pigments are the products of the decomposition of hemoglobin and other chromoproteins - myoglobin, cytochromes and heme-containing enzymes. The bile pigments include bilirubin and urobilin bodies - urobilinoids.
Follicle-stimulating hormone is a peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. In women, follicle-stimulating hormone controls the growth of follicles before their maturity and readiness for ovulation.
Folic acid refers to the water-soluble vitamins of group B and is a derivative of pteridine. The human body is provided with folic acid due to its endogenous synthesis of the intestinal microflora and consumption with food.
Fibrinogen (factor I) is a protein synthesized mainly in the liver. In the blood, it is in a dissolved state, but as a result of the enzymatic process, under the influence of thrombin and factor XIIIa it can turn into insoluble fibrin.
Ferritin is a water-soluble iron hydroxide complex with an apoferritin protein. It is found in the cells of the liver, selesinka, red bone marrow and reticulocytes.
Normally, the worm's eggs are not detected in the stool. In the presence of helminth eggs according to their morphological features, the presence of invasion and the appearance of helminths can be established.
Normally, with proper preparation of the patient, the latent blood in the stool is not detected. Bleeding from the digestive tract is a problem often encountered by practical doctors. The degree of bleeding varies significantly, and the greatest difficulty is the diagnosis of small chronic bleeding.
Factor XIII (fibrin-stabilizing factor, fibrinase) refers to β2-glycoproteins. It is present in the vascular wall, platelets, erythrocytes, kidneys, lungs, muscles, placenta. In plasma it is in the form of a proenzyme, connected with fibrinogen.
Factor XII (Hagemann) is a sialoglycoprotein activated by collagen, contact with a foreign surface, adrenaline and a number of proteolytic enzymes (in particular, plasmin). Factor XII initiates intravascular coagulation, in addition, factor XIIa transforms prekallikrein plasma into kallikreins. Active factor XII serves as an activator of fibrinolysis.