List Analyzes – H
The hybridization procedure can be carried out not only on the gel, on filters or in solution, but also on histological or chromosomal preparations. This method is called in situ hybridization.
Hormones are a group of compounds of various chemical structures characterized by the ability, after isolation from the cells in which they form, to reach the target cells (most often with blood) and by binding to specific protein molecules of target cells (receptors) to cause in the latter more or less specific changes in metabolism.
The menstrual cycle reflects the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary system, which is manifested by structural and functional changes in the reproductive tract: uterus, fallopian tubes, endometrium, and vagina. Each cycle ends with menstrual bleeding, the first day of which is considered the beginning of the cycle.
The main functions of male sex glands (testicles, or testicles) are the synthesis and secretion of male sex hormones (androgens) and spermatogenesis, that is, the formation and development of spermatozoa.
Homovaniline beta-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid is the main end product of the metabolism of dopamine and norepinephrine, resulting from the oxymethylation and oxidative deamination of these catecholamines.
Homocysteine is a product of the exchange of amino acids (conversion of methionine to cysteine). Approximately 70% of plasma homocysteine is associated with albumin, 30% is oxidized to disulfide and only 1% is in a free state.
Direct quantitation of HIV RNA by PCR allows more accurate prediction of the rate of disease development in people infected with HIV, more accurately than CD4 + cell count, and therefore more accurately assess their survival. The high content of virus particles usually correlates with a pronounced impairment of the immune status and a low content of CD4 + cells.
Identification of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus using HIV testing is the main method of laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection. The method is based on ELISA (sensitivity - more than 99.5%, specificity - more than 99.8%).
Histamine is found mainly in basophilic leukocytes and mast cells. In smaller amounts, it is found in the liver, kidneys, intestinal cells. In the human body, histamine is formed during the decarboxylation of histidine.
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) is defined as the remaining amount of cholesterol in the blood serum after the deposition of apo-B-containing lipoproteins (low and very low density lipoproteins).
Recently for the diagnosis of herpetic infection, the detection of DNA of HSV 1 and 2 in the material of vesicles and ulcers of the skin or mucous membranes (including the conjunctiva of the eyes) using the PCR method (very sensitive, specific and rapid diagnostic method) is used to diagnose herpetic infection.
To determine antibodies of class IgM and IgG to the herpes simplex virus-1 and 2, the ELISA method is used. The optimal examination includes the determination of antibodies of different classes separately to herpes simplex virus-1 and 2.
An increase in serum HER-2 / neu concentration is observed in women with breast cancer, especially in the presence of metastases. The value of 15 ng / ml is used as the separation point.
Unlike serological methods for the diagnosis of viral hepatitis C, where antibodies to HCV are detected, PCR can detect the presence of HCV RNA directly and quantify its concentration in the test material.
Approximately 5-10% of cases of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases are caused by chronic viral hepatitis B. The markers of the activity of such diseases are HBeAg and DNA of the virus in serum.
The HCV genome is a single-stranded positively charged RNA that encodes 3 structural (nucleocapsid core protein and E1-E2 envelope nucleoproteins) and 5 structural (NS1, NS2, NS3, NS4, NS5) proteins. To each of these proteins are synthesized AT, found in the blood of patients with viral hepatitis C.
Viral hepatitis D is a viral infection due to the biological characteristics of the virus (HDV), which proceeds solely as co-or superinfection with viral hepatitis B, characterized by severe course, often with an unfavorable outcome.
For specific diagnostics of viral hepatitis E, the ELISA method based on the detection of IgM antibodies (anti-HEV IgM), which appears in the blood 3-4 weeks after infection (10-12th day from the onset of clinical manifestations of the disease) is used. Detection of anti-HEV IgM in the blood serves as a laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis.
Viral hepatitis G is an infectious disease with the parenteral mechanism of infection (mainly with blood transfusions). The virus of hepatitis G (HGV) is classified as the Flaviviridae family.
Reliable confirmation of the diagnosis of viral hepatitis A is performed by serological methods - detection of an increase in the level of specific antibodies (anti-HAV) belonging to IgM (anti-HAV IgM).