Examination of the body

Examination of cranial nerves. VII pair: facial nerve (n. facialis)

The examination of facial nerve functions begins with an assessment of the symmetry of the patient's face at rest and during spontaneous facial expressions. Particular attention is paid to the symmetry of the nasolabial folds and eye slits.

Examination of cranial nerves. Pair V: trigeminal nerve (n. trigeminus)

The motor branches of the trigeminal nerve innervate the muscles that provide movement of the lower jaw (masticatory, temporal, lateral and medial pterygoid; mylohyoid; anterior belly of the digastric); the muscle that tenses the tympanic membrane; the muscle that tenses the soft palate.

Examination of cranial nerves. III, IV, VI pairs: oculomotor, block and withdrawal nerves

The oculomotor nerve contains motor fibers that innervate the medial, superior and inferior rectus muscles of the eyeball, the inferior oblique muscle and the muscle that raises the upper eyelid, as well as autonomic fibers that, interrupted in the ciliary ganglion, innervate the internal smooth muscles of the eye - the sphincter of the pupil and the ciliary muscle.

Examination of cranial nerves. Pair II: optic nerve (n. opticus)

Visual acuity is determined by ophthalmologists. To assess visual acuity at a distance, special tables with circles, letters, and numbers are used. The standard table used in Ukraine contains 10-12 rows of signs (optotypes), the sizes of which decrease from top to bottom in an arithmetic progression. Vision is examined from a distance of 5 m, the table must be well lit.

Examination of cranial nerves. Pair I: olfactory nerve (n. olfactorius)

Olfaction is tested both in the presence of complaints about impaired perception of smells, and without them, since often the patient himself does not realize that he has olfactory disorders, but complains of taste disorders (full taste sensations are possible only if the perception of food aromas is preserved), as well as if there is a suspicion of a pathological process in the area of the bottom of the anterior cranial fossa.

Electroneuromyography

Electroneuromyography is performed for the purpose of topical diagnostics and assessment of damage to various parts of the peripheral neuromotor apparatus and determining the effectiveness of therapy for neuroinfections.

Electroencephalography

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a recording of electrical waves characterized by a certain rhythm. When analyzing EEG, attention is paid to the basal rhythm, symmetry of the brain's electrical activity, spike activity, and response to functional tests. The diagnosis is made taking into account the clinical picture.

ECG for pathology

The electrical activity of the atria is assessed by the P wave. This wave is normally positive (directed upward) in most leads (except lead aVR).

Diagnosis of hearing loss in children

It is quite easy to detect hearing loss and deafness in adults. Most of the methods they use are based on the subject's responses to sounds of certain tones and frequencies, as well as speech, given by a tuning fork or through headphones. The curve derived from these subjective responses characterizes the state of the auditory function.

Anoscopy

Anoscopy - examination of the anal canal and lower ampullar part of the rectum using rectal mirrors - is of great importance for identifying hemorrhoids and differentiating true polyps from hypertrophied anal papillae.