Examination of the body

Cervical (suboccipital) puncture

Cervical or suboccipital puncture can be used in the presence of contraindications to conventional lumbar puncture (for example, in case of an infectious process in the lumbar region).

Hearing test

When examining deafness, determine the side of hearing loss, its degree and cause. When examining such a patient, at least two questions must be resolved: is this deafness curable or not and is it a symptom of some other lesion (for example, neuroma of the auditory nerve).

Ear examination

The cartilage of the auricle develops from six tubercles. If its sections do not tightly merge with each other during development, fistulas (most often a small fistula in front of the tragus) or accessory auricles (cartilaginous bodies located between the corner of the mouth and the tragus) may form.

Eye examination

First of all, pay attention to whether the eyes are the same size? See if the eyelids are symmetrical and if their retraction is normal when looking up. Ptosis is a drooping of the upper eyelid and the absence of normal retraction when the eye looks up.

Joint diagnostics

The examination (diagnosis) of the joints is carried out with the patient in various positions (standing, sitting, lying down, and also while walking), while observing a certain order.

Bone study

When examining the skeletal system (bones), first of all, attention is paid to the patient's complaints. Thus, sharp, suddenly appearing pains after an injury may indicate bone fractures; dull, gradually increasing pains in the bones are often associated with some inflammatory process; persistent, debilitating, often clearly localized pains occur with metastases to the bones of malignant tumors.

Study of the neuropsychic sphere

A full study of the patient's neuropsychiatric status can only be carried out if the doctor has an excellent knowledge of the symptomatology of nervous and mental illnesses and is proficient in the special research methods used in neurology and psychiatry.

Muscle research

A detailed study of the muscular system, including the identification of various developmental disorders, tone, muscle strength, and functions of individual muscles, is usually carried out by a neurologist and is therefore studied in detail in the course on nervous diseases.

Endocrine system diagnosis

The endocrine system includes endocrine glands that secrete the corresponding hormones into the blood. These glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, islet apparatus of the pancreas, adrenal glands, including the cortex and medulla, testicles, ovaries, pineal gland, thymus gland.

Blood test

A number of human diseases are accompanied by various disorders of the blood system, the clinical manifestations of which often completely coincide with the symptoms of blood diseases themselves, specially studied by hematologists. These signs reflect disorders of erythropoiesis (accompanied by a decrease in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood), leukopoiesis, and thrombocytopoiesis.