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Diagnosis of autoimmune diseases

Coombs' samples

The direct Coombs test is an antiglobulin test (gel agglutination, allows detection of complete bivalent antibodies), which is used to determine IgG antibodies and the C3 component of complement on the surface of red blood cells.

Antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae in blood

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a single-celled fungus commonly known as "baker's yeast". Antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae of the IgG and IgA classes are directed against the oligomannan epitope of mannan (phosphopeptidomannan) of the yeast cell membrane.

Antibodies to tissue transglutaminase in blood

Tissue transglutaminase belongs to the family of calcium-dependent acyltransferases that catalyze the formation of cross-links between proteins. It has now been established that tissue transglutaminase is the main, if not the only, endomysial antigen in patients with celiac disease.

Antibodies to gliadin in the blood.

Elevated serum gliadin antibodies can be detected in 25% of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and autoimmune diseases.

Antibodies to tubular basal membrane in blood

Tubulointerstitial nephritis is an inflammatory disease of the kidneys of a non-infectious nature with the localization of the pathological process in the interstitial (intermediate) tissue and damage to the tubular apparatus of the nephrons.

Antibodies to the basal membrane of the tubules in blood

The presence of antibodies to the glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) is most typical for patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (anti-GBM glomerulonephritis). All patients with anti-GBM glomerulonephritis can be divided into two groups: those with only renal pathology and Goodpasture's disease (50%), in whom the latter is combined with pulmonary pathology.

Laboratory diagnosis of autoimmune kidney diseases

Glomerulonephritis is the most common form of primary kidney disease with predominant damage to the renal glomeruli. The concept of immune-inflammatory genesis of this disease is currently generally accepted.

Antibodies to endothelium in the serum

Anti-endothelial antibodies are frequently found in vasculitides, especially in Kawasaki disease. It is suggested that anti-endothelial antibodies may damage endothelial cells via complement-dependent cytolysis or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.

Antibodies to neutrophil myeloperoxidase in blood

Myeloperoxidase is a protein with a molecular weight of 59,000, which is one of the main factors providing human bactericidal protection. Antibodies to neutrophil myeloperoxidase may appear in vasculitis

Antibodies to a protein that enhances the bactericidal action of neutrophils

Neutrophil antibacterial protein is a membrane protein of neutrophils and monocytes. Its main function is to bind bacterial endotoxins. Antibodies to this protein are most often found in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.