Diagnosis of autoimmune diseases

Antibodies to neutrophil proteinase-3 in blood

Protein kinase-3 is a neutral serine protease localized in azurophilic granules of neutrophils. Antibodies to protein kinase-3 are most characteristic of Wegener's granulomatosis, in which they are detected in 30-99% of patients.

Antibodies to neutrophil cytoplasm in blood

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are a complex of antibodies specific to various granulocyte, monocytic and, possibly, endothelial cytoplasmic antigens.

Antibodies to liver and kidney microsomal antigen in blood

Antibodies to liver and kidney microsomal antigen (LKM) are a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies that are divided into three subtypes based on their Ag targets. The cytochrome P-450IID6 component with a molecular weight of 50,000 has been identified as the major antigen of LKM type I (LKM-1), LKM-2 are directed to cytochrome P-450IIC9

Antibodies to liver-specific lipoprotein in blood

Antibodies to liver-specific lipoprotein are determined by indirect immunofluorescence. Liver-specific lipoprotein (LSP) is a heterogeneous material from hepatocyte membranes containing 7-8 antigenic determinants, some of which are liver-specific, others are non-specific.

Antibodies to smooth muscle in blood

Smooth muscle antibodies (SMAs) are antibodies to the protein actin or non-actin components (tubulin, vimentin, desmelin, and skeletin) and are produced in response to hepatocyte injury. Smooth muscle antibodies are detected by indirect immunofluorescence.

Antimitochondrial antibodies in serum

Antimitochondrial antibodies are produced to antigens of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The antigen is structurally a lipoprotein involved in membrane transport functions.

Diagnosis of autoimmune liver diseases

Autoimmune chronic hepatitis syndrome is characterized by clinical symptoms of liver inflammation lasting more than 6 months and histological changes (necrosis and infiltrates of the portal fields).

Antisperm antibodies in the blood.

In men, antisperm antibodies are formed as a result of an autoimmune reaction to the spermatogenic epithelium. Etiological factors that contribute to the development of such a reaction include testicular trauma, bacterial and viral infections, surgical operations on the testicle (for example, after vasectomy, antisperm antibodies are detected in all men), in some cases the cause cannot be determined.

Ovarian antibodies in the blood

Ovarian antibodies (to ovarian cell antigens) were first identified in women with premature menopause, infertility, and in vitro fertilization. This group of antibodies may include antibodies to Leydig cells, ovarian granulosa cells, and placental syncytiotrophoblasts.

Adrenal antibodies in the blood.

Anti-adrenal antibodies are directed against the microsomal structures of the adrenal cortex cells. They belong to IgG, are organ-specific, and appear more often in women.