Examination of the body

Diagnostic scraping of the uterine cavity walls

Diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity walls is an instrumental removal of the functional layer of the uterine mucosa along with pathological formations that may originate from it.

Functional tests in gynecology

Functional tests are used to clarify the functional state of various parts of the reproductive system. The principle of the study is based on the fact that hormones introduced into the body have the same properties as endogenous ones.

Endometrial biopsy

The study of the endometrium is based on the appearance of characteristic changes in the mucous membrane under the influence of ovarian steroid hormones. Estrogens cause proliferation, and progesterone - secretory transformations.

Examination of female external genitalia

A special gynecological examination begins with an examination of the external genitalia. At the same time, attention is paid to hairiness in the pubic area and labia majora, possible pathological changes (swelling, tumors, atrophy, pigmentation, etc.), the height and shape of the perineum (high, low, trough-shaped).

Functional diagnostic methods in gynecology

Basal or rectal (in the rectum) temperature is measured by a woman herself every day without getting out of bed for 10 minutes throughout the menstrual cycle. Basal temperature in a healthy woman changes depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle.

Biopsy in gynecology

Cervical biopsy. Cervical biopsy is performed when cancer and other diseases are suspected. Cervical tissue is excised after a colposcopic examination, as this allows for precise determination of the area of the cervix for biopsy.

Kimographic pertubation

Kymographic pertubation is a method of studying the patency of the fallopian tubes by introducing air or carbon dioxide into the uterine cavity, fallopian tubes and into the abdominal cavity with simultaneous visual and graphic recording of the contractile activity of the fallopian tubes. The recording is made using a special recording device.

Colposcopy

Colposcopy was proposed in 1925 by Hinzelman. Colposcopy allows for a detailed examination of the vaginal portion of the cervix and vaginal walls using a special optical device - a colposcope. The colposcope design includes an optical lens system with a focal length of 25-28 cm and replaceable eyepieces that provide magnification from 6 to 28 times

PCR diagnostics in gynecology

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method now makes it possible to identify various infectious agents located in the inflammation focus. The most modern of the molecular methods of DNA hybridization allows identifying the human papillomavirus by serotypes.

Cytologic studies of vaginal discharge

Screening cytological methods. They are performed for the purpose of early detection of uterine and cervical cancer. The nature of the pathological process is recognized based on the following features: morphological features of cells, quantitative relationship of individual cell groups, location of cellular elements in the preparation.