Examination of the body

Kidney biopsy

Kidney biopsy is used to diagnose kidney disease and determine treatment tactics. Diagnostic kidney biopsy is used after the possibilities of other, less invasive instrumental methods have been exhausted, including biopsy of the rectal mucosa, nasopharynx, skin, and lymph node.

Electromyography of pelvic floor and bladder muscles

Electromyography, as defined by the International Continence Society, is the recording of the bioelectric potential of a muscle. In urodynamic studies, EMG is used to record the activity of the striated muscles of the pelvic floor: the pubococcygeus muscle (M. pubococcygeus), the levator ani muscle (m. levator ani), and the anal sphincter (rabdosphincter).

Video Urodynamics

The most high-tech combination is urodynamic studies and visualization of the urinary tract (X-ray or ultrasound). The method is called "video urodynamics".

Cystometry

Cystometry is a basic method of urodynamic research, during which both phases of the urination cycle are examined - filling (accumulation) and emptying, and the dependence of intravesical pressure on the degree of filling of the bladder is studied.

Uroflowmetry

Uroflowmetry is a noninvasive screening test to detect possible lower urinary tract dysfunction. It measures urine flow parameters.

Urodynamic studies

Urodynamic studies (UDS) are considered the main methods of functional diagnostics in urology. Their theoretical basis is the principles and laws of hydrodynamics. Registration and calculation of study parameters are based on this section of physics.

Mantoux test

To perform the Mantoux test, special disposable tuberculin syringes with thin short needles and a short oblique cut are used. The tuberculin ampoule is carefully wiped with gauze soaked in a 70% ethyl alcohol solution, then the neck of the ampoule is filed with a knife for opening ampoules and broken off.

Tuberculin diagnostics

Tuberculin diagnostics is a set of diagnostic tests to determine the specific sensitization of the body to Mycobacterium tuberculosis using tuberculin - an autoclaved filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures.

Bronchial and tracheal examination

The trachea and bronchi belong to the lower respiratory tract and provide the function of external respiration, therefore the main symptom of their various pathological conditions is often the insufficiency of external respiration, developing as a result of obstruction of the airways.

Microlaryngoscopy

Currently, microlaryngoscopy is widely used for visual examination of the larynx, a method of accurate recognition and differential diagnosis, as well as microlaryngosurgical interventions for various diseases of the larynx.