Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Chondromyxoid fibroma: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Chondromyxoid fibroma (synonym: fibromyxoid chondroma) is a rare benign tumor of the skeleton with a lobular structure consisting of chondroid, myxoid and fibrous structures.

Chondroblastoma in children

Chondroblastoma is a benign cartilage-forming tumor that affects the epiphyses of tubular bones. It consists of closely spaced cellular elements of predominantly round or polygonal shape, considered chondroblasts.

Periosteal chondroma: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Periosteal chondroma (synonym: juxtacortical chondroma) is a benign tumor consisting of mature cartilaginous structures and located in the cortical layer of bone under the periosteum.

Enchondroma: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Enchondroma (synonyms: chondroma, central chondroma) is a benign tumor of well-differentiated hyaline cartilage located in the central parts of the bone.

Osteoblastoma: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Osteoblastoma (synonyms: giant osteoid osteoma, osteogenic fibroma) is a benign bone-forming tumor, histologically identical to osteoid osteoma, but differing from it in its larger size, clinical picture and data from radiation research methods.

Osteoid osteoma: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Osteoid osteoma is a benign tumor up to 1.5 cm in diameter with a characteristic clinical and radiological picture, consisting of osteoid and weakly calcified primitive bone beams located in vascularized osteogenic tissue.

Osteoma: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Osteoma is a highly differentiated benign tumor consisting of structures of predominantly lamellar structure. According to various data, the frequency of osteomas among skeletal neoplasms is 1.9-8.0%. Osteoma is most often detected at the age of 10-25 years.

Benign skeletal tumors in children: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The initial symptoms of benign skeletal tumors in children - pain syndrome of varying severity and lameness - are not very specific. Given the low oncological alertness of outpatient specialists, they are often regarded as "growing pains" or the result of a musculoskeletal injury.

Osteomyelitis of long tubular bones in children

Orthopedic consequences of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of long tubular bones are disturbances of anatomical relationships in joints (decentration, subluxation, dislocation), deformation and shortening of limb segments, disruption of bone tissue integrity (pseudoarthrosis and defect) and disruption of joint function in the form of contractures or ankylosis.

Habitual atlantoaxial subluxation: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The most common injury to the upper cervical spine is habitual atlantoaxial subluxation (ICD-10 code M43.4), which, according to various authors, accounts for 23 to 52% of all spinal injuries. The diagnosis - rotational subluxation of the cervical spine - is made mainly in childhood, revealing asymmetry of the atlantoaxial articulation.