Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Foot deformities in systemic diseases: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Foot deformities are typical manifestations of systemic diseases of the musculoskeletal system (SDMS). In multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, pseudoachondroplasia, late spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, congenital functionally significant deformities are rare.

Arthrogryposis

Arthrogryposis is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by congenital contractures in two or more joints in combination with muscle hypo- or atrophy, with signs of damage to the motor neurons of the spinal cord.

Foot gigantism in children: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Depending on the type of deformation, five variants of foot gigantism in children are distinguished: gigantism of the entire foot, its inner, middle, outer sections, and macrodactyly.

Congenital split feet in children: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Congenital split foot deformity is a complex developmental defect, accompanied by the absence of one or more metatarsal bones and toes, a deep cleft along the entire depth of the forefoot.

True congenital gigantism: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

True congenital gigantism (macrodactyly) is a developmental defect caused by a violation of the linear and volumetric parameters of the upper limb towards an increase.

Congenital reduced foot deformity: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Congenital adducted foot deformity is characterized by adduction and supination of the forefoot along the Lisfranc joint line, valgus position of the hindfoot, subluxation or dislocation of the cuneiform bones, severe deformity of the metatarsal bones, and atypical attachment of the anterior tibialis muscle.

Flatfoot (flatfoot deformity)

Flat-valgus foot deformity is accompanied by flattening of the longitudinal arch, valgus position of the posterior, abduction-pronation position of the anterior section. Flatfoot is a fairly common deformity, accounting, according to various authors, for 31.8 to 70% of all foot deformities. The percentage of flatfoot is especially high in preschool and primary school children.

Congenital clubfoot.

Congenital clubfoot (equino-cava-varus deformity) is one of the most common developmental defects of the musculoskeletal system, which, according to various authors, accounts for 4 to 20% of all deformities.

Erb's birth palsy: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Erb's birth paralysis is named after the German scientist Erb (W. Erb). In 1874, he proved that as a result of obstetric manipulations during childbirth, the shoulder muscles, which are innervated from the 5th and 6th cervical segments of the spinal cord, are affected. As a result, upper paralysis develops.

Camptodactyly: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Camptodactyly is a congenital defect caused by a violation of differentiation of the tendon-muscle apparatus of the hand. Either isolated flexion contracture of the fifth finger (in 96% of cases) or combined with flexion contracture of the second-fourth fingers at the level of the proximal interphalangeal joint (in 4% of cases) is observed.