Diseases of children (pediatrics)

HIV infection and AIDS in children

HIV infection, AIDS - a viral disease of the immune system, leading to a sharp decrease in the body's overall resistance to opportunistic microorganisms, as well as an increased susceptibility to cancer, which is why the disease has a severe course with an inevitable fatal outcome.

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis in children

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis is an acute viral disease transmitted to humans from mouse-like rodents, with serous inflammation of the meninges and brain tissue with a benign course.

Mosquito-borne viral encephalitis in children

Mosquito, or Japanese (autumn), encephalitis is an acute seasonal neuroinfection with general infectious manifestations and severe damage to the brain tissue.

What causes tick-borne viral encephalitis?

The causative agent of tick-borne viral encephalitis belongs to the genus of flaviviruses. The virion is spherical, 40-50 nm in diameter, contains RNA, and reproduces well in many tissue cultures. Of the laboratory animals, white mice, hamsters, monkeys, and cotton rats are most sensitive to the virus. Many domestic animals are also susceptible to the tick-borne encephalitis virus.

Tick-borne viral encephalitis in children

Tick-borne (spring-summer, or taiga) encephalitis is a natural focal viral disease with predominant damage to the central nervous system, manifested by general cerebral, meningeal and focal symptoms.

Viral encephalitis in children

Viral encephalitis is a large group of acute infectious diseases of the central nervous system caused by neurotropic viruses, mainly from the genus arboviruses, transmitted to humans by blood-sucking arthropod vectors. The genus arboviruses includes alphaviruses and flaviviruses. They are part of the togavirus family (Togaviridae).

Hepatitis C in children

In Western Europe and the United States, up to 95% of all cases of post-transfusion and parenteral hepatitis are caused by HCV. The disease occurs after transfusion of virus-containing blood, plasma, fibrinogen, antihemophilic factor and other blood products. Outbreaks of hepatitis C have been noted among patients with immunodeficiencies after intravenous infusions of immunoglobulin preparations.

How can I prevent hepatitis B in children?

Prevention of hepatitis B in children consists primarily of a thorough examination of all categories of donors with mandatory blood testing for HBsAg at each donation using highly sensitive methods of its identification (ELISA, RIA), as well as determination of ALT activity.

Symptoms of hepatitis B in children

The incubation period of hepatitis B lasts 60-180 days, most often 2-4 months, in rare cases it is shortened to 30-45 days or extended to 225 days. The duration of the incubation period depends on the infective dose and the age of the children. In case of massive infection (blood or plasma transfusions) the incubation period is short - 1.5-2 months, and in case of parenteral manipulations (subcutaneous and intramuscular injections) and especially in case of household infection the duration of the incubation period is 4-6 months.

What causes hepatitis B in children?

Hepatitis B virus (Dane particles) is a spherical formation with a diameter of 42 nm, consisting of an electron-dense core (nucleocapsid) with a diameter of 27 nm and an outer shell with a thickness of 7-8 nm. In the center of the nucleocapsid is the virus genome, represented by double-stranded DNA.