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Osteoma: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Medical expert of the article
Last reviewed: 07.07.2025
Osteoma is a highly differentiated benign tumor consisting of structures of predominantly lamellar structure.
According to various data, the frequency of osteomas among skeletal neoplasms is 1.9-8.0%. Osteoma is most often detected at the age of 10-25 years.
Clinically, the course of osteoma tumor in most patients is asymptomatic; they sometimes complain of minor pain. A distinction is made between compact and spongy osteoma. The most frequently affected are the diaphyses and metadiaphyses of long tubular bones and the bones of the skull. Radiographs and CT scans reveal extraosseous layers of sclerotic bone tissue of a hill-shaped form, smoothly turning into the cortical layer of the bone, less often - diffuse damage to it with spreading towards the bone marrow cavity. Scintigraphy does not reveal local foci of hyperemia: hyperfixation of the osteotropic radiopharmaceutical is on average 150%. Differential diagnostics are carried out with osteochondroma, osteoid osteoma, infantile hyperostosis.
Treatment of osteoma is surgical - marginal resection of the tumor.
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