Plexiform (diffuse) neurofibroma is the most common tumor of the peripheral nerves of the orbit and occurs almost exclusively in association with neurofibromatosis type I.
Meningiomas develop from the meningoendothelial cells of the arachnoid. Primary orbital meningiomas, which originate from the optic nerve sheath, account for 2% of cases and are less common than optic nerve gliomas.
Optic nerve glioma is a slowly growing astrocytoma that most often affects girls, less often adults. It is usually associated with neurofibromatosis type I.
Lacrimal gland cancer is a rare, highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. According to its frequency of occurrence, it is divided into the following histological types: adenoid cystic, pleomorphic adenocarcinoma, mucoepidermoid, squamous cell.
Orbital myositis is an idiopathic nonspecific inflammation of one or more extraocular muscles and is considered a form of idiopathic orbital inflammation.
Pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland (benign mixed cell tumor) is the most common epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland, which originates from the ducts, stroma, and muscular-epithelial elements.
Cavernous hemangioma of the eye is the most common benign orbital tumor in adults, and is more common in women (70%). It can be located anywhere in the orbit, but is usually within the muscular funnel, just behind the eye.
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in children. Neuroblastoma originates from primitive neuroblasts of the sympathetic trunk, most often in the abdomen, less often in the chest and pelvis.
Primary varicose veins consist of weakened segments of the orbital venous system of varying length and complexity. Participating in the blood flow, varicose veins enlarge with increasing venous pressure.
