Diseases of the liver and biliary tract

Biliary peritonitis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

After cholecystectomy, bile may leak from the bladder bed or from a leaky cystic duct. Increased pressure in the bile ducts, such as from an unremoved common bile duct stone, increases the flow of bile, and its accumulation around the bile ducts contributes to the development of a stricture.

Common bile duct stones (choledocholithiasis): causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

In most cases, common bile duct stones migrate from the gallbladder and are associated with calculous cholecystitis. The migration process depends on the ratio of the stone size and the lumen of the cystic and common bile ducts. An increase in the size of the stone in the common bile duct causes obstruction of the latter and promotes the migration of new stones from the gallbladder.

Chronic calculous cholecystitis.

Chronic calculous cholecystitis is the most common disease of the gallbladder and is characterized by an almost constant combination of chronic cholecystitis and stones.

Chronic cholecystitis - Symptoms.

Chronic acalculous cholecystitis is a widespread disease that occurs in people of different ages, but still more often in middle-aged people - 40-60 years old.

What provokes chronic cholecystitis?

Bacterial infection is one of the most important etiologic factors of chronic acalculous cholecystitis. Sources of infection may be diseases of the nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses (chronic tonsillitis, sinusitis); oral cavity (stomatitis, gingivitis, periodontosis); urinary system (cystitis, pyelonephritis); reproductive system (prostatitis, urethritis); gynecological diseases (adnexitis, endometritis); infectious bowel diseases; viral liver damage.

Chronic cholecystitis

Chronic noncalculous (noncalculous) cholecystitis is a chronic polyetiological inflammatory disease of the gallbladder, combined with motor-tonic disorders (dyskinesia) of the biliary tract and changes in the physicochemical properties and biochemical composition of bile (dyskoli). The duration of the disease is more than 6 months.

Acute cholecystitis without calculi.

Acute acalculous cholecystitis accounts for about 5-10% of all cases of acute cholecystitis in adults and 30% in children. The most common predisposing factors are critical conditions such as major extrabiliary surgery, multiple trauma, extensive burns, recent childbirth, severe sepsis, mechanical ventilation (MV), and parenteral nutrition.