Diseases of the liver and biliary tract

Cholestasis

Cholestasis is stagnation and a decrease in the flow of bile into the duodenum due to a disruption of its excretion due to a pathological process in any area from the hepatocyte to the ampulla of Vater.

Wilson-Conovalov disease

Wilson-Konovalov disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) is a rare hereditary disease, predominantly of young age, which is caused by a disorder in the biosynthesis of ceruloplasmin and copper transport, leading to an increase in copper content in tissues and organs, primarily in the liver and brain, and is characterized by cirrhosis of the liver, bilateral softening and degeneration of the basal nuclei of the brain, and the appearance of greenish-brown pigmentation along the periphery of the cornea (Kayser-Fleischer ring).

Hemochromatosis

Hemochromatosis (pigmentary cirrhosis of the liver, bronze diabetes) is a hereditary disease characterized by increased absorption of iron in the intestine and deposition of iron-containing pigments in organs and tissues (mainly in the form of hemosiderin) with the development of fibrosis. In addition to hereditary (idiopathic, primary) hemochromatosis, there is also secondary hemochromatosis, which develops against the background of certain diseases.

Cholangitis

Cholangitis is an inflammatory process in the bile ducts (cholangiolitis is a lesion of small bile ducts; cholangitis or angiocholitis is a lesion of larger intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts; choledochitis is a lesion of the common bile duct; papillitis is a lesion of the area of the ampulla of Vater).

hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy is a symptom complex of central nervous system disorders that occurs with liver failure. Hepatic coma is the most severe stage of hepatic encephalopathy, manifested in loss of consciousness and lack of response to all stimuli.

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is a liver disorder in individuals who do not abuse alcohol, characterized by a combination of fatty degeneration and hepatitis (lobular or portal).

Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma develops in 5-15% of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The role of alcohol in carcinogenesis has not yet been sufficiently elucidated. Increased incidence of cancer of the oral cavity (except for the lips), pharynx, larynx, and esophagus has been established in those suffering from chronic alcoholism.

Alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver

Chronic alcohol intoxication is the cause of 50% of all liver cirrhosis. The disease develops in 10-30% of patients with liver cirrhosis 10-20 years after the onset of alcohol abuse.

Chronic alcoholic hepatitis

There are different points of view regarding the terminology of this type of alcoholic liver damage. L. G. Vinogradova (1990) provides the following definition: "chronic alcoholic hepatitis" is a term used to designate relapses of acute alcoholic hepatitis that occur against the background of an incompletely completed previous attack of acute alcoholic hepatitis and lead to a specific liver damage with features of chronic hepatitis.

Acute alcoholic hepatitis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH) is an acute degenerative and inflammatory liver disease caused by alcohol intoxication, morphologically characterized mainly by centripetal necrosis, an inflammatory reaction with infiltration of the portal fields mainly by polynuclear leukocytes and the detection of alcoholic hyaline (Mallory bodies) in hepatocytes.