Diseases of the liver and biliary tract

Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct carcinoma) is being diagnosed more and more often. This can be partly explained by the introduction of modern diagnostic methods, including new imaging techniques and cholangiography. They allow more accurate localization and spread of the tumor process.

Contraindications to liver transplantation

Decompensated heart and lung diseases, active infection, metastatic malignant tumor, AIDS and severe brain damage are absolute contraindications to liver transplantation.

Selection of patients for liver transplantation

Liver transplantation is indicated for patients with irreversible, progressive liver damage when alternative treatment methods are not available. The patient and his/her relatives should be aware of the complexity of the operation and be prepared for possible severe complications in the early postoperative period and for lifelong immunosuppressive therapy.

Liver transplantation

In 1955, Welch performed the first liver transplant in dogs. In 1963, a team of researchers led by Starzl performed the first successful liver transplant in humans.

Biliodigestive anastomosis stricture

After choledocho- and hepaticojejunostomy, anastomotic stricture may develop. The need for further treatment - surgical or X-ray surgery - occurs in approximately 20-25% of cases.

Congenital anomalies of the biliary tract: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Bile duct and liver anomalies may be associated with other congenital anomalies, including heart defects, polydactyly, and polycystic kidney disease. The development of bile duct anomalies may be associated with viral infections in the mother, such as rubella.

Common bile duct cyst: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

A cyst of the common bile duct is its dilation. The gallbladder, cystic duct and hepatic ducts above the cyst are not dilated, unlike strictures, in which the entire biliary tree above the stricture is dilated.

Congenital dilation of intrahepatic bile ducts (Caroli's disease): causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Congenital dilatations of the intrahepatic bile ducts (Caroli disease) - this rare disorder is characterized by the presence of congenital segmental saccular dilatations of the intrahepatic bile ducts without other histological changes in the liver. The dilated ducts communicate with the main duct system, can become infected and contain stones.

Congenital liver fibrosis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Histological signs of congenital liver fibrosis are wide, dense collagen fibrous bands surrounding unchanged liver lobules.

Niemann-Pick disease

Niemann-Pick disease is a rare familial disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and occurs primarily in Jews. The disease is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme sphingomyelinase in the lysosomes of cells of the reticuloendothelial system, which leads to the accumulation of sphingomyelin in the lysosomes. The liver and spleen are predominantly affected.