Diseases of the liver and biliary tract

Gaucher disease

Gaucher disease is a sphingolipidosis resulting from a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase, which results in the deposition of glucocerebroside and related components. Symptoms of Gaucher disease vary depending on the type, but most commonly include hepatosplenomegaly or CNS changes. Diagnosis is based on white blood cell enzyme testing.

Metastasis to the liver

Liver invasion by malignant tumors of neighboring organs, retrograde metastasis through the lymphatic pathways, and spread along the blood vessels is relatively rare.

Hemangioma of the liver: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Hemangioma of the liver is the most common benign liver tumor. It is found in 5% of autopsies. The wider use of liver scanning methods helps to improve the diagnosis of this tumor. Hemangiomas are usually solitary and small in size, but sometimes they are large and multiple.

Angiosarcoma of the liver

Liver angiosarcoma is a rare, highly malignant tumor that is difficult to differentiate from hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver is enlarged and contains multiple nodules resembling cavernous hemangioma.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Etiological factors of cholangiocarcinoma include clonorchiasis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, polycystic disease, anabolic steroid use, and thorotrast administration.

Hepatoblastoma: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Hepatoblastoma is a rare tumor that affects children under 4 years of age, regardless of gender; it develops extremely rarely in older children and adults.

Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Fibrolamellar liver carcinoma occurs in children and young adults (5-35 years old) regardless of gender.

Diagnosis of cholelithiasis

Gallstone disease is often asymptomatic (latent course is observed in 60-80% of people with gallstones and in 10-20% of people with stones in the common bile duct), and stones are discovered accidentally during ultrasound. The diagnosis of gallstone disease is based on clinical data (the most common variant in 75% of patients is biliary colic) and ultrasound results.

Gallstone disease

Gallstone disease (GSD) is a disease characterized by the formation of stones in the gallbladder (cholecystolithiasis), common bile duct (choledocholithiasis), which can occur with symptoms of biliary (biliary, hepatic) colic in response to transient obstruction of the gallbladder or common bile duct by a stone, accompanied by smooth muscle spasm and intraductal hypertension.

Biliary fistulas: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

External biliary fistulas usually develop after biliary procedures such as cholecystotomy, transhepatic biliary drainage, and T-tube drainage of the common bile duct. Very rarely, fistulas may develop as a complication of cholelithiasis, gallbladder cancer, or biliary trauma.