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Diseases of the genitourinary system

Kidney damage in periarteritis nodosa

Systemic vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of diseases based on immune inflammation and necrosis of the vascular wall, leading to secondary damage to various organs and systems.

Lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis - Treatment

Treatment of lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis depends on the activity of the disease, clinical and morphological variant of nephritis. Kidney biopsy is necessary to determine the characteristics of morphological changes in order to select adequate therapy, as well as to assess the prognosis of the disease.

Lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis - Diagnosis

Laboratory tests for lupus nephritis are aimed at identifying signs of systemic lupus erythematosus and symptoms that characterize the activity of lupus nephritis and the state of kidney function.

Lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis - Symptoms

Depending on the nature of the onset, the rate of progression of lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis, and the polysyndromic nature of the process, acute, subacute, and chronic course of systemic lupus erythematosus are distinguished (classification by V.A. Nasonova, 1972).

Lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis

Lupus nephritis is a typical immune complex nephritis, the development mechanism of which reflects the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus as a whole. In systemic lupus erythematosus, polyclonal activation of B cells occurs, which can be caused by both a primary genetic defect and a dysfunction of T lymphocytes and a decrease in the ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ cells.

Mesangiocapillary (membranoproliferative) glomerulonephritis

Mesangiocapillary (membranoproliferative) glomerulonephritis is a very rare variant of glomerulonephritis with a progressive course.

Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis

Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis is characterized by proliferation of mesangial cells, expansion of the mesangium, and deposition of immune complexes in the mesangium and under the endothelium.

Membranous glomerulonephritis (membranous nephropathy)

Membranous glomerulonephritis (membranous nephropathy) is characterized by diffuse thickening of the glomerular capillary walls associated with diffuse subepithelial deposition of immune complexes, cleavage and doubling of the GBM.

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a very rare variant of glomerulonephritis, observed in 5-10% of adult patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (over the past 20 years - in 6%).

Minimal changes in the tubules (lipoid nephrosis)

Minimal changes in the glomeruli (lipoid nephrosis) are not detected by light microscopy and immunofluorescence studies. Only electron microscopy reveals the fusion of the pedunculated processes of epithelial cells (podocytes), which is considered the main cause of proteinuria in this form of glomerulonephritis.