Diseases of the genitourinary system

Treatment of arterial hypertension

Treatment of arterial hypertension has a number of general provisions on which the treatment of essential arterial hypertension is based, retaining their significance: adherence to a diet with limited salt and foods that increase cholesterol; withdrawal of drugs that cause the development of arterial hypertension

Arterial hypertension - Causes, pathogenesis and degrees

At the present stage, several factors in the pathogenesis of renal arterial hypertension are identified: sodium and water retention, dysregulation of pressor and depressor hormones, increased formation of free radicals, renal ischemia, and gene disorders.

Arterial hypertension

Arterial hypertension is a condition in which the systolic blood pressure level is equal to or exceeds 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure level is equal to or exceeds 90 mmHg at 3 different blood pressure measurements.

Proteinuria

Proteinuria is the excretion of proteins in the urine that exceeds normal (30-50 mg/day) values, usually a sign of kidney damage.

Metabolic alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis is a disorder of the acid-base balance, characterized by a decrease in hydrogen and chlorine ions in the extracellular fluid, high blood pH values, and a high concentration of bicarbonate in the blood.

Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic acidosis is a disorder of the acid-base balance, manifested by low blood pH values and low blood bicarbonate concentrations. In the practice of a therapist, metabolic acidosis is one of the most common disorders of the acid-base balance.

Disorders of acid-base state

Acid-base imbalances are pathological reactions that are associated with acid-base imbalances. Acidosis and alkalosis are distinguished.

Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia is a condition in which the concentration of potassium in the blood serum exceeds 5 mmol/L.

Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia is a condition in which the concentration of potassium in the blood serum is below 3.5 mmol/l (there are also more stringent criteria for hypokalemia - potassium level below 3.2 mmol/l).

Hypernatremia

Hypernatremia develops when compensatory reactions are disrupted and indicates disturbances in the renal sodium balance regulation system.