Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Chronic pyelonephritis in children

Chronic pyelonephritis is a chronic destructive microbial inflammatory process in the tubulointerstitial tissue of the kidneys. Chronic pyelonephritis has a recurrent or latent course.

Acute pyelonephritis in children

Pyelonephritis is a non-specific infectious and inflammatory process occurring in the renal pelvis and calyces and tubulointerstitial tissue of the kidneys. It accounts for about 50% of the overall pathology of the urinary tract.

Fanconi syndrome

Fanconi syndrome (de Toni-Debré-Fanconi disease) is a primary hereditary tubulopathy characterized by a triad of symptoms: glucosuria, generalized hyperaminoaciduria and hyperphosphaturia.

Hereditary tubulopathies

Tubulopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases united by the presence of disorders in the tubular epithelium of the nephron of the functions of one or several protein enzymes, which cease to perform the function of reabsorption of one or several substances filtered from the blood through the glomeruli into the tubules, which determines the development of the disease. Primary and secondary tubulopathies are distinguished.

How is acute glomerulonephritis in children treated?

General principles of treatment of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis include adherence to a regimen and diet, etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy depending on the characteristics of the clinical course and complications of the disease.

Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritis, postinfectious glomerulonephritis) is an immune complex disease with diffuse damage to the kidneys, primarily the glomeruli, which occurs 10-14 days after a streptococcal infection (tonsillitis, impetigo, scarlet fever, pyoderma, etc.) and is characterized by nephritic syndrome.

Chronic cystitis in children

In chronic cystitis, the pathological process can be limited and diffuse in its prevalence. All layers of the bladder wall are affected, elasticity is lost, the bladder capacity decreases, and its walls may shrink. Chronic cystitis can be asymptomatic and recurrent.

How are urinary tract infections treated?

Late initiation of adequate antimicrobial therapy in children with urinary tract infection leads to serious consequences: damage to the renal parenchyma (with possible formation of areas of shrinkage) and sepsis. Analysis of the results of scintigraphy performed within 120 hours from the start of treatment showed that antimicrobial therapy prescribed to children with fever and suspected urinary tract infection in the first 24 hours of illness allows to completely avoid focal defects in the renal parenchyma.

Urinary tract infections in children

Urinary tract infections are microbial inflammatory diseases of the urinary system organs without specifying a specific location. The term "urinary tract infection" is used until the localization of the inflammatory process and the etiology of the inflammation are specified. The term is valid at the first stage of the disease, when there is no data on kidney damage during examination of the patient, but there are signs of microbial damage to the urinary tract.

Juvenile systemic scleroderma

Juvenile systemic scleroderma is a chronic polysystemic disease from the group of systemic connective tissue diseases that develops before the age of 16 and is characterized by progressive fibrous-sclerotic changes in the skin, musculoskeletal system, internal organs and vasospastic reactions similar to Raynaud's syndrome.