Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Vesicoureteral reflux in children

Vesicoureteral reflux is a pathological condition characterized by the reverse flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract due to a malfunction of the ureterovesical segment valve mechanism.

Enuresis in children

Enuresis is the involuntary emptying of the bladder at an undesirable time or in an inappropriate place. Enuresis is considered pathological in children over three years of age and accounts for 6 to 15% depending on the population.

Neurogenic bladder in children

Neurogenic urinary bladder (NUB, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia) - various disorders of the reservoir and evacuation functions of the bladder, as a result of impaired regulation of urination at various levels (cortical, spinal, peripheral).

Fabry's disease

Fabry disease is a hereditary sphingolipidosis caused by a deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A (ceramidase), which leads to a violation of the cleavage of alpha-galactosyl from the ceramide molecule. The disease is transmitted recessively, linked to the X chromosome, with the localization of the defect Xq22. Ethnic features of the disease have not been identified.

Wilms tumor

Wilms' tumor (embryonic nephroma, adenosarcoma, nephroblastoma) is a malignant tumor that develops from a pluripotent renal anlage - metanephrogenic blastema.

Kidney dysplasia

Renal dysplasias are a heterogeneous group of diseases associated with impaired renal tissue development. Morphologically, dysplasia is based on impaired differentiation of the nephrogenic blastema and branches of the ureteral germ, with the presence of embryonic structures in the form of foci of undifferentiated mesenchyme, as well as primitive ducts and tubules.

Urolithiasis in children

"Urolithiasis" ("renal stone disease", "urolithiasis" and "nephrolithiasis") are terms that define the clinical syndrome of the formation and movement of stones in the urinary system.

Chronic renal failure in children

Chronic renal failure is a non-specific syndrome that develops with an irreversible decrease in the homeostatic functions of the kidneys due to their severe progressive disease.

How is acute renal failure treated?

Therapeutic measures for oliguria should begin with the introduction of a catheter to identify lower urinary tract obstruction, diagnose reflux, collect urine for analysis, and monitor urine. In the absence of intrarenal obstruction and congenital heart disease as the cause of oliguria, prerenal acute renal failure should be suspected and fluid administration should be started.

Acute renal failure in children

Acute renal failure is a non-specific syndrome of various etiologies, developing due to a sudden shutdown of homeostatic functions of the kidneys, which is based on hypoxia of the renal tissue with subsequent predominant damage to the tubules and the development of interstitial edema. The syndrome is manifested by increasing azotemia, electrolyte imbalance, decompensated acidosis and impaired ability to excrete water.