Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Exchange nephropathy (hyperuricemia): causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

In the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia, it is important to determine its type: metabolic, renal or mixed. The metabolic type involves increased synthesis of uric acid, a high level of uricosuria with normal or increased clearance of uric acid.

Common nephropathies (oxaluria)

Metabolic, or dysmetabolic, nephropathy in a broad sense are diseases associated with severe disturbances in water-salt metabolism and other types of metabolism in the entire body. Dysmetabolic nephropathy in a narrow sense is a polygenically inherited pathology of oxalic acid metabolism and manifests itself in conditions of familial instability of cell membranes.

Hereditary and metabolic nephropathies in children: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Congenital malformations of the kidneys and urinary tract account for up to 30% of the total number of congenital anomalies in the population. Hereditary nephropathy and renal dysplasia are complicated by chronic renal failure already in childhood and account for approximately 10% of all cases of terminal chronic failure in children and young adults.

Chronic interstitial nephritis

Chronic interstitial nephritis is a polyetiological disease, the main manifestation of which is abacterial non-destructive inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the renal medulla with involvement of the tubules, blood and lymphatic vessels of the renal stroma in the process.

Acute interstitial nephritis

Acute interstitial nephritis is a non-bacterial non-specific inflammation in the interstitial tissue of the kidneys with secondary involvement of the tubules, blood and lymphatic vessels of the renal stroma.

Hereditary nephritis (Alport syndrome) in children

Hereditary nephritis (Alport syndrome) is a genetically determined non-immune glomerulopathy, which occurs with hematuria and progressive decline in renal function.

IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)

IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) was first described in 1968 as glomerulonephritis occurring in the form of recurrent hematuria. Currently, IgA nephropathy occupies one of the leading places among adult patients with chronic glomerulonephritis undergoing hemodialysis.

Lipoid nephrosis

Lipoid nephrosis is a disease of young children (mostly 2-4 years old), more often boys. Lipoid nephrosis is a kidney disease in which morphologically there are only minimal changes. WHO experts define lipoid nephrosis as minimal changes "disease of small podocyte processes", which undergo dysplastic changes, the membrane and mesangium react secondarily.

Nephrotic syndrome in children

Nephrotic syndrome is a symptom complex that includes pronounced proteinuria (more than 3 g/l), hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and dysproteinemia, pronounced and widespread edema (peripheral, cystic, anasarca), hyperlipidemia and lipiduria.

Functional disorders of the urinary system in children

Functional disorders of the urinary system organs occur in children with a frequency of 10% in the general population. Among patients of nephrourological hospitals, functional disorders as conditions aggravating the main diagnosis, or as an independent disease, are diagnosed in 50% of children and more.