Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Mental Retardation - Treatment

Psychopharmacotherapy of mental retardation is entering a new era, characterized by improved diagnostics, understanding of its pathogenetic mechanisms, and expansion of therapeutic possibilities.

Tuberculous Meningitis - Treatment

Various combinations of anti-tuberculosis drugs are used. During the first 2 months and until antibiotic sensitivity is detected, 4 drugs are prescribed (first stage of treatment): isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol or streptomycin. The regimen is adjusted after determining drug sensitivity. After 2-3 months of treatment (second stage of treatment), they often switch to 2 drugs (usually isoniazid and rifampicin).

Treatment of vulvovaginitis

Treatment of vulvovaginitis in girls depends on the cause of vulvovaginitis. Treatment of vulvovaginitis caused by the presence of a foreign body in the vagina begins with the removal of the foreign body. Then the vagina is washed with antiseptic solutions.

Diagnosis of vulvovaginitis

Differential diagnostics of vulvovaginitis in girls is carried out with diseases of the cervix and vaginal malformations.

What causes vulvovaginitis?

Relapses of non-specific bacterial vulvovaginitis in girls in 82% of cases occur against the background of exacerbation of extragenital pathology, which is one of the leading causal risk factors for the development of vulvovaginitis, a powerful source of infection.

Vulvovaginitis in girls

Vulvovaginitis (colpitis) is an inflammation of the external genitalia combined with inflammation of the vagina. At this age, vulvovaginitis accounts for about 65% of all diseases of the genital organs. Teenage girls are more likely to have vulvovaginitis caused by Candida fungi (occurs in 25% of cases of inflammatory diseases of the lower genital tract) and bacterial vaginosis (in 12% of cases).

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Uterine bleeding during puberty (juvenile uterine bleeding, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, heavy menstruation during puberty) is a bloody discharge from the uterus that differs from natural menstruation and occurs during the first 3 years after menarche as a result of a discord in the activity of the reproductive system.

Pubertal dysmenorrhea

The term "dysmenorrhea" refers to a wide range of neurovegetative, metabolic-endocrine, mental and emotional abnormalities, the leading manifestation of which is pain syndrome caused by the pathological accumulation in the endometrium on the eve of menstruation of arachidonic acid degradation products (prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes and monoamino acids), which enhance the afferentation of impulses that irritate pain centers in the central nervous system.

Diencephalic syndrome with menstrual disorders in adolescents

Diencephalic syndrome is a symptom complex caused by polyglandular dysfunction with disruption of metabolic and trophic processes, the menstrual cycle, and accompanied by disorders of the cardiovascular and nervous systems.

Delayed puberty in children

Delayed puberty is the absence of breast enlargement in girls who have reached the age of 13, or the development of secondary sexual characteristics at a time exceeding the upper limit of the age norm by 2.5 standard deviations.