Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Vaginal and uterine malformations

Malformations of the internal genital organs - congenital abnormalities of the shape and structure of the uterus and vagina. Synonyms: anomalies or malformations of the vagina and uterus.

Tuberculosis and HIV infection

The spread of HIV infection has brought about radical changes in the epidemiology of tuberculosis in the world. HIV infection is the most serious risk factor for the development of tuberculosis in people infected with MBT in the last century. According to WHO, by 2002 the number of citizens with HIV infection was more than 40 million, presumably a third of them will develop tuberculosis.

Congenital tuberculosis

Congenital tuberculosis is rare. Infection of the fetus in the early stages of pregnancy leads to spontaneous abortions and stillbirths. If the pregnancy continues, children are born prematurely, with signs of intrauterine hypotrophy, low body weight. In the first days after birth, the child may seem healthy.

Joint tuberculosis in children: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Tuberculous lesions of the skeleton in children and adolescents are characterized by extensive destruction of bones and joints, leading to early and steadily progressive disability in the absence of adequate treatment. In most children under 7 years of age, anamnestic data indicate the appearance of the first signs of the disease in the first 3 years of life, but the diagnosis was established at this age in only half of the cases.

Tuberculosis of the cerebral membranes (tuberculous meningitis)

Tuberculosis of the meninges mainly affects children under 5 years of age. Most often, the disease develops during the first years after infection with MBT. About 70% of children become ill before the age of 2. In the vast majority of cases (90-95%), tuberculous meningitis occurs in a patient with active pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

Tuberculous lesions of peripheral lymph nodes

Peripheral lymph node lesions are most often caused by bovine mycobacteria. This should be taken into account when making a diagnosis in certain regions of Russia, especially in rural areas. Many authors associate the development of a specific process in the lymph nodes with the lymphotropism of MBT and the barrier function of the lymph nodes, rich in elements of the mononuclear phagocyte system, in which initial reactive (and then specific) changes most often occur.

Tuberculous pleurisy in children

In children and adolescents, pleurisy may occur as a complication of tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes and primary tuberculosis complex, as well as an independent disease.

Hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis in children

Currently, due to the increased resistance of the human body to tuberculosis, the widespread use of specific vaccination and BCG revaccination, and timely diagnosis of primary tuberculosis infection in childhood and adolescence, hematogenous disseminated tuberculosis is rare.

Tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes in children

The first place among the clinical forms of the primary period of tuberculosis in children and adolescents is currently occupied by tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes - a specific lesion of the lymph nodes of the root of the lung and mediastinum. The leading role in the pathogenesis of primary tuberculosis is given to the pulmonary focus, bronchoadenitis is considered as the second component that developed after the formation of the pulmonary focus.

Primary tuberculosis complex in the lungs

The primary tuberculosis complex in the lungs is a characteristic triad consisting of a focus of specific inflammation at the site of MBT introduction, lymphangitis and damage to the regional lymph nodes.