Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Meconium ileus

Meconium ileus is an obstruction of the terminal ileum by abnormally viscous meconium; it almost always occurs in neonates with cystic fibrosis. Meconium ileus accounts for up to one-third of all cases of small bowel obstruction in neonates.

Intestinal intussusception

Intussusception is the insertion of a segment of the intestine (the intussusception) into the lumen of an adjacent segment (the intussusception), resulting in intestinal obstruction and sometimes ischemia. Intussusception usually occurs in children aged 3 months to 3 years, with 65% of cases occurring in children under one year of age. It is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children of this age, in whom it is usually idiopathic.

Congenital myopathy

Congenital myopathy is a term sometimes applied to hundreds of distinct neuromuscular disorders that may be present at birth, but the term is usually reserved for a group of rare, inherited primary muscle disorders that cause muscle hypotonia and weakness from birth or during the neonatal period and, in some cases, delayed motor development later in life.

Duchenne and Becker myodystrophy.

Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies are X-linked recessive disorders characterized by progressive proximal muscle weakness due to muscle fiber degeneration. Becker muscular dystrophy has a later onset and is less severe.

Cleft spine (spina bifida, spina bifida)

Spina bifida is a defect in the closure of the spinal column. Although the cause is unknown, low folate levels during pregnancy increase the risk of this defect. Some cases are asymptomatic, while others result in severe neurological impairment below the lesion.

A fever in a child

Most often, acute fever in a child of the first year of life and early age is infectious in nature, mainly acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) or gastrointestinal infections.

Increased intracranial pressure (intracranial hypertension)

Increased intracranial pressure - intracranial pressure greater than 25 mm Hg.

Nonparoxysmal tachycardia in children

Non-paroxysmal tachycardias are common heart rhythm disorders in children and occur in 13.3% of all types of arrhythmia. Tachycardias are classified as chronic if they have been present in the patient for more than 3 months in a row (in chronic sinus tachycardia) and more than 1 month in tachycardias based on an abnormal electrophysiological mechanism.

Mitral valve prolapse in children

Mitral valve prolapse (Angle syndrome, Barlow syndrome, midsystolic click and late systolic murmur syndrome, flapping valve syndrome) is a deflection and bulging of the valve cusps into the cavity of the left atrium during left ventricular systole.

Features of vegeto-vascular dystonia in children

Vegetative disorders in children can be generalized or systemic, acute - local. Since vegetative dystonia is a syndromic diagnosis, then along with the leading syndrome it is necessary to indicate (if possible) the nosological affiliation (neurosis, residual organic encephalopathy, hereditary-constitutional form, etc.).