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Digestive system

The hyoid salivary gland

The sublingual salivary gland (glangula sublingualis) is paired, with predominantly mucous secretion. It is located on the mylohyoid muscle, directly under the mucous membrane of the floor of the oral cavity.

Submandibular salivary gland

The submandibular salivary gland (glandula submandibularis) is paired, has a mixed type of secretion, and has a thin capsule. It is located in the submandibular triangle of the neck.

Parotid salivary gland

The parotid salivary gland (glangula parotidea) is paired, with a serous type of secretion. The gland has an irregular shape, covered externally by a thin capsule. The mass of the gland is 20-30 g.

Salivary glands

The salivary glands (glandulae oris) are divided into major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual) and minor salivary glands (glands of the oral cavity, pharynx, upper respiratory tract). The former are paired, the latter are multiple.

Language

The tongue (lingua) is involved in the mechanical processing of food, in the act of swallowing, in taste perception, and in the articulation of speech. The tongue is located in the oral cavity. It is a flattened muscular organ elongated from front to back. The tongue narrows anteriorly, forming the apex of the tongue (apex linguae). The apex passes posteriorly into the wide and thick body of the tongue (corpus linguae), behind which is the root of the tongue (radix linguae).

Teeth

Teeth (dentes) are important anatomical structures located in the dental alveoli of the jaws. Depending on the features of the structure, position and function, several groups of teeth are distinguished: incisors, canines, small molars, or premolars, and large molars.

Oral cavity (cavitas oris)

The oral cavity (cavitas oris) is located in the lower part of the face and is the beginning of the digestive system. The oral cavity is limited from below by the mylohyoid muscles, which form the muscular basis of the lower wall of the oral cavity - the diaphragm of the mouth (diaphragma oris). The upper wall of the oral cavity is formed by the hard and soft caves, on the sides - by the cheeks, in front - by the lips. At the back, the oral cavity communicates with the pharynx through a wide opening - the pharynx (fauces). The oral cavity is divided into a smaller anterior section - the vestibule of the mouth and the oral cavity itself.

Abdomen: topographical anatomy

The abdomen is the part of the body located between the chest at the top and the pelvis at the bottom. The upper border of the abdomen runs from the base of the xiphoid process along the costal arches to the 12th thoracic vertebra.