Digestive system

Development of the digestive system

Beginning on the 20th day of intrauterine development, the intestinal endoderm in the body of the embryo folds into a tube, forming the primary intestine. The primary intestine is closed in its anterior and posterior sections and is located in front of the chord.

Bruchina

The peritoneum is a thin serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers many of the organs located within it.

Abdominal cavity

The abdominal cavity is the largest cavity in the human body, located between the thoracic cavity at the top and the pelvic cavity at the bottom. The abdominal cavity is limited at the top by the diaphragm, at the back by the lumbar spine, the quadratus lumborum muscles, the iliopsoas muscles, and at the front and sides by the abdominal muscles.

Pancreas

The pancreas is an elongated gland, gray-pink in color, located retroperitoneally. The pancreas is a large digestive gland of mixed type.

Gallbladder

The gallbladder (vesica biliaris, s.vesica fellea) is pear-shaped, it accumulates and concentrates bile. The gallbladder is located in the right hypochondrium. Its upper surface is adjacent to the gallbladder fossa on the visceral surface of the liver.

Liver

The liver (hepar) is the largest gland, has a soft consistency, reddish-brown color. The length of the liver in an adult is 20-30 cm, width - 10-21 cm, height varies from 7 to 15 cm. The mass of the liver is 1400-1800 g. The liver is involved in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins; performs protective, disinfectant and other functions.

Rectum

The rectum is the final section of the large intestine. Its length is on average 15 cm, diameter from 2.5 to 7.5 cm. The rectum is divided into two sections: the ampulla and the anal canal.

Sigmoid colon.

The sigmoid colon (colon sigmoideum) begins at the level of the left iliac crest and passes into the rectum at the level of the sacral promontory. The length of the intestine ranges from 15 to 67 cm (on average - 54 cm).

The descending colon

The descending colon (colon descendens) begins from the left flexure of the colon downwards and passes into the sigmoid colon at the level of the iliac crest of the ilium.

Transverse colon

The transverse colon (colon transversum) usually hangs down in an arc. Its beginning is in the right hypochondrium (right hepatic flexure) at the level of the 10th costal cartilage, then the intestine goes obliquely from right to left, first down, then up to the left hypochondrium. The length of the transverse colon is approximately 50 cm (from 25 to 62 cm).