Digestive system

The ascending colon

The ascending colon (colon ascendens) is 18-20 cm long. The position of the ascending colon is variable. Its posterior wall occupies the extreme right lateral position on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity.

Appendix (wormhole).

The appendix (appendix vermiformis) originates from the posteromedial surface of the cecum, its length varies widely - from 2 to 24 cm (on average 9 cm); its diameter is 0.5-1.0 cm. The vermiform appendix can have a variety of directions.

Blind intestine

The cecum is the initial part of the large intestine, into which the ileum flows. The cecum has a sac-like shape, a free dome facing downwards, from which the vermiform appendix extends downwards.

Large intestine (colon)

The large intestine (intestinum crassum) follows the small intestine. The large intestine is divided into the cecum, colon, and rectum. The colon, in turn, is represented by the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon.

Duodenum

The duodenum is the initial section of the small intestine, located on the back wall of the abdominal cavity. The duodenum begins at the pylorus of the stomach and ends at the duodenojejunal flexure, located at the left edge of the second lumbar vertebra.

Small intestine (small bowel)

The small intestine (intestinum tenue) is a section of the digestive tract located between the stomach and the large intestine. The small intestine, together with the large intestine, forms the intestine, the longest part of the digestive system.

Stomach

The stomach (gaster, ventriculus) is an expanded section of the digestive tract located between the esophagus and the duodenum. Food is retained in the stomach for 4-6 hours. During this time, it is mixed and digested under the action of gastric juice containing pepsin, lipase, hydrochloric acid, and mucus. The stomach also absorbs sugar, alcohol, water, and salts.

Esophagus

The esophagus is a hollow tubular organ that serves to conduct food masses from the pharynx to the stomach. The length of the esophagus in an adult is 25-27 cm. The esophagus is somewhat flattened in the anteroposterior direction in its upper part, and in the lower section (below the level of the jugular notch of the sternum) it resembles a flattened cylinder.

Throat

The pharynx is an unpaired organ located in the head and neck area and is part of the digestive and respiratory systems. It is a hollow, funnel-shaped tube suspended from the outer base of the skull.

The sky

The palate (palatum) is divided into hard and soft. The bony basis of the hard palate (palatum durum) is made up of the palatine processes of the maxillary bones connected to each other, to which the horizontal plates of the palatine bones are attached at the back.