List Anatomy – A
The axillary artery (a. axillaris) is a continuation of the subclavian artery (from the level of the 1st rib). It is located deep in the axillary fossa and is surrounded by the trunks of the brachial plexus.
In the abdominal cavity and in the pelvic cavity there are autonomic nerve plexuses of various sizes, consisting of autonomic nodes and bundles of nerve fibers connecting them.
The autonomic nervous system (systema nervosum autonomicum) is the part of the nervous system that controls the functions of internal organs, glands, blood vessels, and has an adaptive-trophic effect on all human organs.
The auricle (auricula) is based on a complex elastic cartilage (cartilago auriculae), covered with skin tightly adjacent to the cartilage. In the lower part of the auricle, there is no cartilage.
The auditory (Eustachian) tube (tuba auditiva, s. auditoria) is on average 35 mm long and 2 mm wide. Through it, air from the pharynx enters the tympanic cavity to maintain the pressure in the cavity equal to the external pressure, which is important for the normal functioning of the sound-conducting apparatus (eardrum and auditory ossicles).
The axillary artery, its continuation - the brachial artery and the branches extending from them - are directed to the upper limb.
The femoral artery (a. femoralis) is a continuation of the external iliac artery, passes under the inguinal ligament (through the vascular lacuna) lateral to the vein of the same name, follows the iliopectineal groove downwards, being covered (in the femoral triangle) only by fascia and skin.
From the aortic arch, the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery branch off in sequence, carrying blood to the head and neck, upper limbs, and the anterior wall of the chest and abdomen.
Arteries that supply blood to the walls of the body are called parietal (wall arteries), arteries of internal organs are called visceral (visceral). Among arteries, there are also extraorgan arteries that carry blood to an organ, and intraorgan arteries that branch within an organ and supply its individual parts (lobes, segments, lobules).
The appendix (appendix vermiformis) originates from the posteromedial surface of the cecum, its length varies widely - from 2 to 24 cm (on average 9 cm); its diameter is 0.5-1.0 cm. The vermiform appendix can have a variety of directions.
The anatomy of the aortic valve is considered the most studied, since it was described long ago, starting with Leonardo da Vinci (1513) and Valsalva (1740), and repeatedly, especially during the second half of the 20th century.
The aorta is the largest unpaired arterial vessel of the systemic circulation. The aorta is divided into three sections: the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, and the descending aorta, which in turn is divided into the thoracic and abdominal sections.
The anterior tibial artery (a. tibialis anterior) branches off from the popliteal artery in the popliteal fossa (at the lower edge of the popliteal muscle), enters the popliteal canal and immediately leaves it through the anterior opening in the upper part of the interosseous membrane of the leg.
The anterior serratus muscle (m. serratus anterior) is wide, quadrangular in shape, adjoins the rib cage from the side, forms the medial wall of the axillary cavity. It begins with large teeth on the upper eight to nine ribs and is attached to the medial edge and lower angle of the scapula.
The ankle joint (art. talocruralis) is complex in structure, block-shaped, formed by the articular surface of the tibia and the articular surfaces of the talus block, as well as the articular surfaces of the medial and lateral malleoli.
Amniotic fluid can be considered as the largest part of the fetal extracellular fluid, since its osmotic parameters, electrolyte and biochemical composition are identical to fetal plasma.
In the diagnosis of various disease states in the immunocompetent system of both the fetus and the newborn child and children of later periods of life, methods for determining the degree of maturity and differentiation of individual populations or subpopulations of lymphocytes are of significant importance.
The adrenal gland (glandula suprarenalis) is a paired organ located in the retroperitoneal space directly above the upper end of the corresponding kidney. The adrenal gland has the shape of an irregularly shaped cone flattened from front to back.
The acromioclavicular joint (art. acromioclavicularis) is flat in shape, formed by the acromial end of the clavicle and the articular surface of the acromion. In 30% of cases, the joint has an articular disc (discus articularis).
In natural conditions, in accordance with the tasks of visual activity, the refractive power of the eye's optics constantly changes, i.e., not static, but dynamic refraction of the eye operates. The mechanism of accommodation underlies such changes in refraction.