List Anatomy – S
The lower vena cava (v. Cava inferior) is the largest, has no valves, is retroperitoneal. It begins at the level of the intervertebral disc between the IV and V lumbar vertebrae from the fusion of the left and right common iliac veins to the right and slightly below the division of the aorta into the same arteries.
The concept of "synapse" was introduced at the end of the XIX century. C. Sherrington, implying by this term a structure that mediates the transmission of a signal from the end of the axon to the effector - the neuron, the muscle fiber, the secretory cell.
The sympathetic trunk (tnincus sympathicus) is a paired formation located on the sides of the spine. It consists of 20-25 nodes connected by interstitial branches (rr. Interganglionares).
The sweat glands (glandulae sudoriferae) are simple, tubular, lying in the deep sections of the dermis, where the initial section is folded in the form of a glomerulus. A long excretory duct permeates the skin and epidermis and opens on the surface of the skin with a hole - sometimes sweat.
The subscapular muscle (m. Subscapularis) is broad, thick, triangular in shape. It occupies almost the whole rib surface of the scapula. Has a fleshy origin on the surface of the subscapular fossa and lateral margin of the scapula.
The suboccipital muscles (mm. Suboccipitales) include the large posterior rectus muscle of the head, the small posterior rectus muscle of the head, the upper and lower oblique muscles of the head.
Sublingual salivary gland (glangula sublingualis) is a paired, predominantly mucosal-type secretion. Located on the jaw-hyoid muscle, directly under the mucous membrane of the bottom of the mouth.
The sublingual nerve (n. Hypoglossus), formed by the fibers of the motor nucleus, innervates the muscles of the tongue and some muscles of the neck. From the brain, the nerve emerges in the furrow between the pyramid and the olive, is directed forward and laterally into the canal of the hyoid nerve of the occipital bone.
The subcutaneous muscle of the neck (platysma) is thin, flat, lies directly under the skin. It begins in the thoracic area below the clavicle on the superficial plate of the thoracic fascia, passes upward and medially, occupying almost the entire anterolateral region of the neck.
Subcostal muscles (mm. Subcostales) are formed by muscle and tendon bundles in the lower part of the posterior part of the inner surface of the chest wall.
The subcortical areas of the brain include the visual hillock, the basal nuclei at the base of the brain (caudate nucleus, lenticular nucleus consisting of a shell, lateral and medial pallid spheres);
The subclavian muscle (m. Subclavius) is of small size, occupying a slit-shaped gap between the first rib and the clavicle. It begins on the cartilage of the 1st rib, passes laterally and is attached to the lower surface of the acromial end of the clavicle.
The structure of the skull is studied not only by anthropologists, doctors and pathologists, but also representatives of creative professions - artists, sculptors. The skull is not just complex in structure, it is, despite the visible strength, quite fragile, although it is designed to protect the brain from bumps and injuries.
The structure of human salivary glands lies in dividing them into alveolar, tubular and alveolar-tubular. They represent a well-developed system of ducts that connect to a large excretory duct.
The nervous system performs the following functions: control of the activity of various systems and apparatuses, which constitute an integral organism, coordination of the processes occurring in it, establishment of interrelations of the organism with the external environment.
The lymphatic system (systema lymphaticum) includes capillaries branched in organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes that are biological filters for the tissue fluid, and also lymphatic trunks and ducts.
The heart and blood vessels belong to the cardiovascular system. The cardiovascular system performs the functions of blood transport, and, together with it, nutrient and activating substances to organs and tissues (oxygen, glucose, proteins, hormones, vitamins, etc.). From organs and tissues through the blood vessels (veins) are transferred the products of metabolism.
The broad fascia strain (m.tensor fasciae latae) begins on the superior anterior iliac spine and the adjacent part of the iliac crest. The muscle is located between the surface and deep plates of the broad fascia.
The rectus abdominis muscle (rectus abdominis) is a flat, long ribbon-shaped muscle that is located on the side of the median line. Separated from the same muscle of the opposite side with a white belly line.
The abdomen is part of the body, located between the chest at the top and the pelvis below. The upper border of the abdomen passes from the base of the xiphoid process along the costal arches to the XII thoracic vertebra.