Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium

Placental insufficiency and fetal growth retardation syndrome

Placental insufficiency (PI) is a clinical syndrome caused by morphofunctional changes in the placenta and disorders of compensatory and adaptive mechanisms that ensure normal growth and development of the fetus, as well as adaptation of the woman's body to pregnancy. Fetal growth retardation syndrome (FGR), intrauterine fetal growth retardation; fetus small for gestational age and fetus with low birth weight are terms describing a fetus that has not reached its growth potential due to genetic or environmental factors.

Multiple pregnancies - Management

Patients with multiple pregnancies should visit the antenatal clinic more often than with a single pregnancy: 2 times a month up to 28 weeks (when a certificate of incapacity for work due to pregnancy and childbirth is issued), after 28 weeks - 1 time in 7-10 days. A consultation with a therapist is necessary 3 times during pregnancy.

Multiple pregnancies - Course and complications

In multiple pregnancies, increased demands are placed on the woman's body: the cardiovascular system, lungs, liver, kidneys and other organs function under great strain. Maternal morbidity and mortality in multiple pregnancies increases by 3-7 times compared to singleton pregnancies; the higher the order of multiple pregnancies, the higher the risk of maternal complications.

Multiple pregnancies

Multiple pregnancy is a pregnancy in which two or more fetuses develop in a woman's body. Births with two or more fetuses are called multiple births.

premature pregnancy

Post-term pregnancy is one of the problems that traditionally determines great scientific and practical interest, caused, first of all, by unfavorable perinatal outcomes in this pathology.

Premature labor - Treatment

If pregnancy can be prolonged, treatment should be aimed, on the one hand, at suppressing the contractile activity of the uterus, and on the other hand, at inducing the maturation of the fetal lung tissue (at 28–34 weeks of pregnancy). In addition, it is necessary to correct the pathological process that caused the premature birth.

How do you recognize premature labor?

In case of threatened premature labor, a woman complains of pulling, aching pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, a feeling of pressure, distension in the vagina, perineum, rectum, possibly frequent painless urination, which may be a sign of low position and pressure of the presenting part.

Preterm labor

According to WHO, premature birth is the birth of a child from the 22nd to the 37th full week of pregnancy (i.e. 259 days from the day of the beginning of the last menstruation). In our country, premature birth is considered to be the birth of a child from the 28th to the 37th week of pregnancy (from the 196th to the 259th day from the beginning of the last menstruation).

Gestosis - Treatment

In case of edema, treatment can be carried out in antenatal clinics. Pregnant women with gestosis, preeclampsia and eclampsia should be hospitalized in obstetric hospitals located in multidisciplinary hospitals with an intensive care unit and a department for nursing premature babies, or in perinatal centers.

Diagnosis of gestosis

The diagnosis of gestosis can be made on the basis of a combination of clinical and laboratory criteria. The criteria for gestosis are proteinuria over 0.3 g/l, hypertension - with arterial pressure above 135/85 mm Hg, and with hypotension - an increase in systolic arterial pressure of more than 30 mm Hg from the initial, and diastolic - 15 mm Hg; edema should be taken into account only if it does not disappear after a night's sleep.