Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium

Hestosis - Causes and Pathogenesis

The causes of gestosis development depend on many factors, are complex and have not been fully studied. Despite numerous studies, there is still no consensus on the causes of gestosis throughout the world. There is no doubt that the disease is directly related to pregnancy, since stopping the latter before severe complications develop always promotes recovery.

Gestosis during pregnancy

Gestosis is a complication of pregnancy characterized by generalized vascular spasm with impaired perfusion, dysfunction of vital organs and systems (central nervous system, kidneys, liver and fetoplacental complex) and the development of multiple organ failure.

How to prevent Rh conflict during pregnancy?

The introduction of anti-Rh0(D) immunoglobulin into practice has been one of the most significant advances in obstetrics in recent decades.

Rhesus Conflict in Pregnancy - Treatment

The most accurate diagnosis of the edematous form of hemolytic disease of the fetus is made by ultrasound. In the absence of dropsy, there are no reliable criteria that would allow detecting signs of severe anemia in the fetus.

Rhesus conflict in pregnancy - Diagnosis

The most common method for detecting antibodies is the direct and indirect Coombs test using antiglobulin serum. The activity of antibodies is usually judged by their titer, but titer and activity do not always coincide.

Rhesus conflict in pregnancy - Symptoms

Immune anti-Rhesus antibodies appear in the body in response to the Rhesus antigen either after a transfusion of Rhesus-incompatible blood or after delivery of an Rhesus-positive fetus. The presence of anti-Rhesus antibodies in the blood of Rhesus-negative individuals indicates sensitization of the body to the Rhesus factor.

Rhesus-conflict during pregnancy

Rhesus immunization during pregnancy is the appearance of Rhesus antibodies in a pregnant woman in response to the entry of fetal erythrocyte Rhesus antigens into the bloodstream.

Sensitization to chorionic gonadotropin

Autoimmune factors of habitual miscarriage include the presence of antibodies to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). According to I.V. Ponomareva et al. (1996), antibodies to hCG are found in the serum of 26.7% of women suffering from habitual miscarriage. Having high affinity, they block the biological effect and in some cases reduce the concentration of hCG.

Factor V mutation (Leiden mutation, protein C resistance)

Factor V mutation has become the most common genetic cause of thrombophilia in the European population. The factor V gene is located on chromosome 1, next to the antithrombin gene.

Prothrombin gene mutation q20210A

Prothrombin, or factor II, is converted into an active form by factors X and Xa, which activates the formation of fibrin from fibrinogen. This mutation is thought to account for 10–15% of inherited thrombophilias, but occurs in approximately 1–9% of nonthrombophilic mutations.