Infectious and parasitic diseases

Tick-borne encephalitis - Diagnosis

The diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis is based on anamnestic, clinical-epidemiological and laboratory data. In endemic regions, great importance is attached to visiting a forest, park, or summer cottage in the spring and summer, the fact of tick bite, and also the consumption of unboiled goat or cow milk.

Tick-borne encephalitis - Symptoms.

Patients are concerned about the following symptoms of tick-borne encephalitis: headache, general weakness, malaise, chills, feeling of heat, sweating, dizziness, pain in the eyeballs and photophobia, loss of appetite, pain in the muscles, bones, spine, upper and lower extremities, lower back, neck and joints.

Tick-borne encephalitis - Causes and pathogenesis

Tick-borne encephalitis virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family. The virus is 45-50 nm in size and consists of a nucleocapsid with cubic symmetry and is covered by a membrane. The nucleocapsid contains RNA and protein C (core). The membrane consists of two glycoproteins (membrane M, membrane E) and lipids.

Tick-borne encephalitis - Overview

Tick-borne encephalitis (spring-summer encephalitis, taiga encephalitis, Russian encephalitis, Far Eastern encephalitis, tick-borne encephalomyelitis) is a natural focal viral infectious disease with a transmissible mechanism of transmission of the pathogen, characterized by fever and predominant damage to the central nervous system.

Rabies (hydrophobia) - Prevention

Immunization against rabies can be preventive and therapeutic-prophylactic. For preventive purposes, individuals whose work is associated with the risk of infection (veterinarians, foresters, hunters, dog catchers, slaughterhouse workers, taxidermists, laboratory workers working with the street rabies virus) are immunized. Primary immunization includes three injections (0, 7 and 30 days) of 1 ml.

Rabies (hydrophobia) - Treatment

The regimen is determined by the indication for hospitalization. Patients with hydrophobia are hospitalized in the intensive care unit. The development of hydrophobia is accompanied by swallowing disorders, which requires the installation of a nasogastric tube and tube feeding.

Rabies (hydrophobia) - Diagnosis

A lifetime diagnosis of rabies can be confirmed by determining the viral antigen in the first days of the disease using the fluorescent antibody method in corneal imprints or in occipital skin biopsies, as well as by determining antibodies after the 7th to 10th day of the disease. In unvaccinated patients, a diagnosis of rabies is confirmed by a fourfold increase in the antibody titer when examining paired sera.

Rabies (hydrophobia) - Causes and pathogenesis

The rabies pathogen is an RNA-containing virus of the Rhabdoviridae family, genus Lyssavirus. There are seven genotypes of the virus. Classic strains of the rabies virus (genotype 1) are highly pathogenic for all warm-blooded animals. The virion is bullet-shaped, its diameter is 60-80 nm, consists of a core (RNA associated with protein), surrounded by a lipoprotein membrane with glycoprotein spikes.

Rabies (hydrophobia)

Rabies (hydrophobia, Latin - rabies, Greek - lyssa) is a viral zoonotic natural focal and anthropurgic infectious disease with a contact mechanism of transmission of the pathogen through the saliva of an infected animal, characterized by severe damage to the central nervous system with a fatal outcome.

West Nile fever - Treatment and prevention

Treatment of West Nile fever is syndromic, since the effectiveness of antiviral drugs has not been proven. To combat cerebral hypertension, furosemide is used in adults at a dose of 20-60 mg per day, and normal circulating blood volume is maintained.