The hallmark of Duane's syndrome is retraction of the eyeball during attempted adduction, caused by simultaneous contraction of the internal and external rectus muscles.
The horizontal deviation varies in the primary position of the eyes, downward or upward gaze, regardless of whether the strabismus is concomitant or paralytic.
Nystagmus is a severe form of oculomotor disorders, manifested in spontaneous oscillatory movements of the eyes and accompanied by a significant decrease in visual acuity - low vision. The development of nystagmus can be caused by the influence of central or local factors.
One of the most frequently occurring sensory disturbances in unilateral strabismus is amblyopia, i.e. functional reduction of vision of the eye due to its inactivity, disuse.
The goal of performing strabismus surgery on the extraocular muscles is to achieve the correct position of the eyes and, if possible, restore binocular vision.
The ultimate goal of treating concomitant strabismus is to restore binocular vision, since only under this condition can visual functions be restored and asymmetry in the position of the eyes be eliminated.
Paralytic strabismus is caused by paralysis or paresis of one or more oculomotor muscles, caused by various reasons: trauma, infections, neoplasms, etc.
Concomitant strabismus is characterized by the preservation of the full range of eye movements, equality of the primary and secondary angles of deviation, and the absence of double vision, despite impaired binocular vision.
The visual sensory system in children is able to adapt to pathological conditions (confusion and diplopia) through two mechanisms: suppression and abnormal retinal correspondence.
