Diseases of the endocrine system and metabolic disorders (endocrinology)

Islet cell tumors of the pancreas

Tumors of the islets of Langerhans were known to morphologists as early as the beginning of the 20th century. The description of endocrine syndromes became possible only with the discovery of hormones of the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract.

Diabetes Mellitus - Information Overview

Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of chronic hyperglycemia that develops as a result of the influence of genetic and exogenous factors.

Treatment of hypoparathyroidism

Its features during an acute attack of tetany should be highlighted and the need for supportive systematic therapy in the interictal period should be emphasized. For the treatment of hypoparathyroid crisis, a 10% solution of calcium chloride or calcium gluconate is administered intravenously. The dose is determined by the severity of the attack and ranges from 10 to 50 ml (usually 10-20 ml).

Causes and pathogenesis of hypoparathyroidism

The following main etiological forms of hypoparathyroidism can be distinguished (in descending order of frequency): postoperative; associated with radiation, vascular, infectious damage to the parathyroid glands; idiopathic (with congenital underdevelopment, absence of parathyroid glands or autoimmune genesis).

Hypoparathyroidism - Information Overview

Hypoparathyroidism, or insufficiency of the parathyroid glands, is a disease associated with changes in the secretion of parathyroid hormone, characterized by severe disturbances in phosphorus-calcium metabolism.

Hyperparathyroidism - Information Overview

Hyperparathyroidism - fibrocystic osteodystrophy, Reckling-hausen disease - a disease associated with pathological hyperproduction of parathyroid hormone by hyperplastic or tumor-altered parathyroid glands.

Iodine deficiency diseases and endemic goiter

Endemic goiter is a disease that occurs in certain geographic areas with iodine deficiency in the environment and is characterized by an enlargement of the thyroid gland (sporadic goiter develops in individuals living outside goiter-endemic areas). This form of goiter is widespread in all countries.

Causes and pathogenesis of autoimmune chronic thyroiditis

The study of the HLA system showed that Hashimoto's thyroiditis is associated with the loci DR5, DR3, B8. The hereditary genesis of the disease (thyroiditis) Hashimoto is confirmed by data on frequent cases of the disease among close relatives.

Autoimmune Chronic Thyroiditis - Information Overview

In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of the disease, which is obviously associated with increased stimulation of the immune system by newly created artificial antigens, with which the human body had no contact during the process of photogenesis.

Riedel's goiter (fibrotic invasive thyroiditis).

Fibroinvasive thyroiditis (Riedel's goiter) is a very rare form of thyroiditis - 0.98% of cases - first described in 1986 by Riedel, characterized by focal or diffuse enlargement of the gland with extreme density and a tendency to invasive growth, resulting in the development of paresis and symptoms of compression of the vessels of the neck and trachea.