Diseases of the liver and biliary tract

Alcoholic liver fibrosis

Alcoholic liver fibrosis develops in 10% of patients with chronic alcoholism. The main pathogenetic factor of alcoholic liver fibrosis is the ability of ethanol to stimulate the growth of connective tissue.

Alcoholic fatty hepatosis

A special and rare form of fatty hepatosis in chronic alcoholism is Zieve syndrome. It is characterized by the fact that pronounced fatty liver dystrophy is accompanied by hyperbilirubinemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hemolytic anemia.

Alcoholic adaptive hepatopathy

Alcoholic adaptive hepatopathy (hepatomegaly) is observed in 20% of patients with chronic alcoholism. This form of liver damage is characterized by hyperplasia of the endoplasmic reticulum against the background of decreased activity of alcohol dehydrogenase, an increase in the number of peroxisomes and the appearance of giant mitochondria.

Alcoholic liver disease

Alcoholic liver damage (alcoholic liver disease) - various disorders of the structure and functional capacity of the liver caused by long-term systematic consumption of alcoholic beverages.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis.

The causes of sclerosing cholangitis are numerous. Its outcome is progressive fibrosis and, as a consequence, the disappearance of intra- and/or extrahepatic bile ducts. In the early stages, damage to the bile ducts and hepatocytes is not so pronounced, liver failure develops later.

Dabin-Johnson syndrome: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The basis of Dubin-Johnson syndrome (familial chronic idiopathic jaundice with unidentified pigment in liver cells) is a congenital defect in the excretory function of hepatocytes (postmicrosomal hepatocellular jaundice).

Kriegler-Nayyar syndrome: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The basis of Crigler-Najjar syndrome (non-hemolytic kernicterus) is the complete absence of the enzyme glucuronyl transferase in hepatocytes and the absolute inability of the liver to conjugate bilirubin (microsomal jaundice).

Gilbert's syndrome

Gilbert's syndrome is a hereditary disease and is transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner. The pathogenesis of the disease is based on the deficiency of the enzyme glucuronyl transferase in hepatocytes, which conjugates bilirubin with glucuronic acid.

Rotor syndrome: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Rotor syndrome (chronic familial non-hemolytic jaundice with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and normal liver histology without unidentified pigment in hepatocytes) is hereditary in nature and is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner. The pathogenesis of Rotor syndrome is similar to that of Dubin-Johnson syndrome, but the defect in bilirubin excretion is less pronounced.

Secondary biliary cirrhosis of the liver

Secondary biliary cirrhosis of the liver is cirrhosis that develops as a result of prolonged disruption of bile outflow at the level of large intrahepatic bile ducts.