Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastroenterology)

Developmental anomalies of the duodenum: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Anomalies of the duodenum development are rare. Atresia, congenital stenosis and membranous membrane adhesions of the duodenum are detected in the first day after birth: profuse vomiting, frequent regurgitation and other symptoms, high intestinal obstruction are characteristic.

Intestinal absorption failure syndrome: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Intestinal malabsorption syndrome is a symptom complex characterized by a disorder of absorption in the small intestine of one or more nutrients and a disruption of metabolic processes.

Digestive failure syndrome

Indigestion syndrome is a symptom complex associated with impaired digestion of nutrients due to a deficiency of digestive enzymes (enzymopathy).

Carcinoid

Carcinoid (argentaffinoma, chromaffinoma, carcinoid tumor, tumor of the APUD system) is a rare neuroepithelial hormonally active tumor that produces serotonin in excess. Carcinoids are formed in intestinal crypts from intestinal argentaffinocytes (Kulchitsky cells), which belong to the diffuse endocrine system.

Vipoma (Werner-Morrison syndrome).

Vipoma is a tumor of the APUD system that produces excessive amounts of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. In 90% of cases, the tumor is localized in the pancreas, in 10% it is extrapancreatic (in the sympathetic trunk). In approximately half of the cases, the tumor is malignant.

APUD (APUD) tumors - systems: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The APUD system is a diffuse endocrine system that unites cells present in virtually all organs and synthesizes biogenic amines and numerous peptide hormones. It is an actively functioning system that maintains homeostasis in the body.

Intestinal dysbiosis

Intestinal dysbacteriosis is a change in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the bacterial flora caused by a dynamic disruption of the intestinal microecology as a result of a breakdown in adaptation and a disruption of the body's protective and compensatory mechanisms.

Intestinal amyloidosis

Intestinal amyloidosis is a disease of the intestine (an independent disease or “second disease”) caused by the deposition of amyloid in its tissues.

Ischemic colitis

In case of ischemia of the large intestine, a significant number of microorganisms populating it contribute to the development of inflammation in the intestinal wall (even transient bacterial invasion is possible). The inflammatory process caused by ischemia of the wall of the large intestine further leads to the development of connective tissue in it and even the formation of fibrous stricture.

Acute mesenteric ischemia

Acute mesenteric ischemia is a disturbance of blood flow in the intestine caused by embolism, thrombosis, or decreased blood flow. This leads to the release of mediators, inflammation, and ultimately infarction. The pattern of abdominal pain is inconsistent with the physical examination findings.