Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastroenterology)

Gardner's syndrome

For the first time in 1951, E. J. Gardner, and 2 years later E. J. Gardner and R. C. Richards described a unique disease characterized by multiple skin and subcutaneous lesions that occur simultaneously with tumor lesions of the bones and tumors of the soft tissues. At present, this disease, which combines polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract, multiple osteomas and osteofibromas, tumors of the soft tissues, is called Gardner's syndrome.

Familial adenomatous polyposis.

Diffuse (familial) polyposis is a hereditary disease manifested by the classic triad: the presence of multiple polyps (about several hundred) from the epithelium of the mucous membrane; familial nature of the lesion; localization of the lesion throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The disease ends with the obligatory development of cancer as a result of malignancy of the polyps.

Polyps of the large intestine

Why colon polyps, like tumors in general, occur is still unknown. The diagnosis of "colon polyps" is made using a colonoscopy (with a biopsy of the tumor or polyp-like formation) and is usually performed when some symptoms or complications arise, as well as during "extended" medical examination of certain population groups with an increased risk of canceromatosis.

Sarcomas of the small intestine: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Small intestine sarcomas are very rare. According to statistics, small intestine sarcoma occurs in 0.003% of cases. Small intestine sarcomas are more common in men, and at a relatively young age. The overwhelming majority of sarcomas are round cell and spindle cell lymphosarcomas.

Malignant tumors of the small intestine

Adenocarcinomas of the small intestine are rare. Tumors arising in the area of the major duodenal papilla (Vaters) have a villous surface and are usually ulcerated. In other areas, an endophytic type of growth is possible, with the tumor stenotic of the intestinal lumen. Signet ring cell carcinoma is extremely rare.

Benign tumors of the small intestine

Epithelial tumors of the small intestine are represented by adenoma. It has the appearance of a polyp on a stalk or on a broad base and can be tubular (adenomatous polyp), villous and tubulovillous. Adenomas in the small intestine are rare, most often in the duodenum. A combination of adenoma of the distal ileum with adenomatosis of the colon is possible.

Intestinal injuries: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The greatest number of traumatic injuries to the intestines occurred during wartime - these were mainly gunshot wounds and closed injuries due to the impact of a blast wave. During the Great Patriotic War, injuries to the colon accounted for 41.5% of all wounds to hollow organs. Of all closed injuries to abdominal organs, 36% were closed injuries to the intestines; in 80% of cases, the small intestine was damaged, and in 20%, the large intestine.

Diverticula of the small intestine

Diverticular disease is a fairly common condition in developed countries and is characterized by the formation of either single or multiple diverticula in virtually all parts of the digestive tract, as well as in the urinary and gall bladders. Therefore, some authors now more often use the term "diverticular disease" instead of the previously used terms "diverticulosis".

Colon diverticula

A diverticulum is a hernia-like formation in the wall of a hollow organ. Ruysch first used this term in 1698 to describe a sac-like protrusion in the wall of the ileum. The first work on diverticula of the colon in humans was published by Morgagni in 1769, and the clinical picture of diverticulitis was described by Virchow in 1853.

Intestinal foreign bodies

Intestinal foreign bodies occur in 10-15% of cases in gastroenterological practice. Almost all obstructing foreign bodies can be removed endoscopically, but sometimes surgical treatment is required.