Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastroenterology)

Fecal stones

Fecal stones are dense formations that form in some cases in the large intestine from its contents.

Tuberculosis of the intestine, peritoneum and mesenteric lymph nodes, according to the classification of tuberculosis adopted in our country (1973), is classified as a group of tuberculosis of other organs and systems (in contrast to pulmonary tuberculosis).

Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the intestine: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

In the problem of small intestinal pathology, immunodeficiency states accompanied by the development of one of the varieties of lymphoproliferative processes - benign nodular lymphoid hyperplasia - are of particular interest.

Mediterranean lymphoma of the small intestine: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

In cases of pronounced dysplasia of lymphoid tissue and malignant lymphomas of plasmacytic differentiation, monoclonal gammopathies are often observed. In this case, the nature of the gammopathies, as a rule, corresponds to the plasma cell secretion of the field in which the lymphoma develops.

Cystic pneumatosis intestinalis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Cystic pneumatosis of the intestine is very rare. According to A. A. Rusanov, by 1960, only 250 similar observations of small intestinal pneumatosis, which is the most common, were described in the literature.

Non-specific ulcers of the small intestine: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Non-specific ulcers of the small intestine are extremely rare. In the literature, one can find only isolated descriptions of this disease. These are non-specific ulcers, unlike ulcerations of an established nature, which can be tuberculous, syphilitic, and cancerous.

Radiation damage to the intestine

A special place among chronic enteritis of various etiologies is occupied by radiation enteritis caused by ionizing radiation. It can be one of the manifestations of radiation sickness or occur as a result of X-ray radiotherapy of malignant neoplasms of the abdominal cavity and pelvic organs.

Duodenal dyskinesia.

Motor-evacuation disorders (dyskinesia) of the duodenum are detected in cases of damage to the central and autonomic nervous system, endocrine disorders, systemic and parasitic diseases, and in patients who have undergone stomach surgery.

Dyspepsia

The term “dyspepsia”, proposed by the Austrian pediatrician H. Widerhofer at the end of the last century, meant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in children of a “functional” nature.

Colon anomalies

Congenital megacolon is a significant expansion of part or all of the large intestine, usually with thickening of the muscular membrane of its wall. Congenital megacolon may be caused by some obstacles to further movement of the contents of the large intestine (stenosis, membranous septa, etc.), but more often it is a congenital defect of its innervation - congenital agacgliosis.