This form of ear labyrinth disease was first described by P. Meniere in 1848 in a young woman who, while traveling in a stagecoach in winter, suddenly became deaf in both ears, and also developed dizziness and vomiting.
Tympanosclerosis is characterized by cicatricial-degenerative manifestations in the middle ear, caused by a previous inflammatory-destructive process that ended with the formation of scar tissue.
According to V.T. Palchun et al. (1977), the sigmoid and transverse sinuses are most frequently affected (79%), then the jugular bulb (12.5%), the remaining cases occur in the cavernous and petrosal sinuses.
Syphilitic lesions of the ear labyrinth are characterized by a complex pathogenesis, some aspects of which remain unexplored to this day. Many authors interpret these lesions as one of the manifestations of neurosyphilis (neurolabyrinthitis), caused by syphilitic changes in the fluid environments of the inner ear (similar to changes in cerebrospinal fluid in syphilis).
Vestibular neuronitis is an acute (viral) lesion of the vestibular ganglion, vestibular nuclei and other retrolabyrinthine structures, identified as an independent nosological form in 1949 by the American otolaryngologist C. Hallpike.
Acute infectious diseases, especially in children, are often the cause of severe damage to the inner ear, leading to partial or complete deafness and imperfect functioning of the vestibular apparatus.
According to summary statistics from the second half of the 20th century, 98% of purulent diseases of the cerebellum are due to otogenic cerebellar abscess.
Primary syphilis, which manifests itself as a chancre, is very rare and occurs as a result of accidental infection of the auricle or external auditory canal through damage to the skin or through kissing.
Primarily occurs extremely rarely. As a rule, tuberculous otitis media occurs against the background of tuberculosis of the lungs or bones. Patients begin to notice one- or two-sided hearing loss, accompanied by tinnitus.
According to the Romanian author I.Tesu (1964), otomastoiditis most often occurs in infants up to 6 months after birth, after which it exponentially decreases to the frequency of occurrence in adults.
