Diseases of the ear, throat and nose (otolaryngology)

Chronic atrophic rhinitis

Chronic atrophic rhinitis is divided into primary (genuine), the etiology and pathogenesis of which are not entirely clear, and secondary, caused by the influence of external harmful factors of the industrial environment (chemical, dust, temperature, radiation, etc.) and unfavorable climatic conditions.

Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis

Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis is understood as chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa, the main pathomorphological sign of which is its hypertrophy, as well as the interstitial tissue and glandular apparatus, caused by degenerative tissue processes, which are based on a violation of the adaptive-trophic dysfunctions of the nasal mucosa.

Chronic catarrhal rhinitis

Chronic catarrhal rhinitis is a form of rhinitis that is characterized by chronic catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, the main symptoms of which are more or less abundant nasal discharge and impaired nasal breathing.

Acute (catarrhal) nonspecific runny nose

Acute (catarrhal) non-specific rhinitis is the most common disease in otolaryngology, characterized by pronounced seasonality and significant individual predisposition to its occurrence.

Inflammatory diseases of the nasal septum: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

These diseases include its abscess and perichondritis. In the overwhelming majority of cases, these diseases occur secondarily as complications of a fracture and post-traumatic hematoma of the nasal septum, septum surgery, and less often as complications of sycosis, furuncle, eczema, and other inflammatory diseases of the nasal vestibule.

Nasal septal ulcer: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

A perforated ulcer of the nasal septum is relatively rare (1.5-2.5% of all patients suffering from diseases of the nasal cavity), and is most often discovered by chance either by the patient himself or during rhinoscopy.

Eczema of the nasal vestibule: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Eczema of the nasal vestibule is a very common disease that complicates various infectious rhinitis due to profuse nasal discharge and maceration of the skin.

Common syndromes of nasal diseases

In diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses, which vary in etiology and pathogenesis, there are a number of common clinical syndromes that reflect dysfunction of this system and determine the main complaints of patients.

Cochleovestibular disorders in neck injuries: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

In the pathogenesis of a number of labyrinthopathies, along with osteochondrosis, cervical spondylosis, pathological tortuosity and other anomalies of the vertebral artery, a certain role is played by acute and chronic neck injuries, causing damage to the vessels and nerves that play an important role in the functions of the inner ear (vertebral artery, cervical sympathetic plexus, etc.).

Injuries of the inner ear: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Inner ear injuries occur both in peacetime and in wartime. They are divided into gunshot wounds, caused by cold weapons and sharp household objects (knitting needles, pins, etc.), and injuries that occur when accidentally falling on a sharp object that penetrates the tympanic cavity and injures its medial wall.