Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Pheochromocytoma, catecholamine crisis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Catecholamine crisis is a life-threatening emergency condition. It develops mainly in pheochromocytoma (chromaffinoma) - a hormone-producing tumor of chromaffin tissue.

Acute adrenal insufficiency

Acute adrenal insufficiency is a syndrome that develops as a result of a sharp decrease or complete cessation of hormone production by the adrenal cortex.

Acute allergic skin diseases include urticaria, Quincke's edema, toxicoderma, erythema multiforme, exudative erythema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome. These diseases are characterized by damage to the skin, mucous membranes, internal organs with the possible development of life-threatening conditions requiring urgent intensive care.

Anaphylactic shock in children

Anaphylactic shock develops acutely after the patient comes into contact with an intolerable allergen and is a life-threatening condition that is accompanied by a violation of hemodynamics, leading to circulatory failure and hypoxia in all vital organs.

Quincke's edema in children

Quincke's edema is a morphological variant of urticaria, it is a clearly defined edema of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. In 1 5-20% of cases, Quincke's edema is observed without urticaria.

Allergic urticaria

The rash in acute urticaria is a monomorphic rash with an erythematous border. Sometimes the rash is similar to scarlet fever and measles. The disease begins acutely and is accompanied by severe itching of the skin. Hyperemic areas of the rash appear at the sites of itching. As the edema of the papillary layer of the dermis increases, the papular elements turn pale.

Acute rhinoconjunctivitis

The pathogenetic basis is IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Rhinoconjunctivitis is a classic example of atopic diseases, which are characterized by the presence of hyperproduction of IgE, high levels of specific IgE and IgC4 antibodies, and an imbalance of immunoregulatory cells.

Acute bronchial obstruction

Obstructive disorders in the lower respiratory tract occur as a result of obstruction of air movement in the trachea at the level of the carina of the trachea, large and medium bronchi.

Acute respiratory failure

Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by a disruption of the normal gas composition of arterial blood: delivery of a sufficient amount of oxygen to arterial blood and removal of the corresponding amount of carbon dioxide from venous blood into the alveoli. Disruption of pulmonary gas exchange leads to a decrease in paO2 (hypoxemia) and an increase in paCO2 (hypercapnia).

Stenotic laryngotracheitis (croup syndrome)

Stenosing laryngotracheitis, or croup syndrome, is an inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract that leads to stenosis of the larynx.