Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Epiglottitis

Acute epiglottitis is a laryngeal disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, leading to acute respiratory failure (acute respiratory failure of the obstructive type). Children aged 2-12 years are most often affected, and adults are rarely affected.

Airway obstruction

A distinction is made between obstruction of the upper and lower respiratory tract. The causes of obstruction of the respiratory tract are various diseases and injuries. In cases where the obstruction of gas flow during breathing occurs in the oral cavity, pharynx or larynx, respiratory disorders are considered in connection with obstruction of the upper respiratory tract, below the larynx - obstruction of the lower respiratory tract.

Shock in children

Shock is a pathological process accompanied by a progressive mismatch between oxygen supply and consumption, leading to disruption of aerobic glycolysis and a decrease in ATP formation, the deficiency of which leads to disruption of cell function. Clinically, shock is manifested by generalized circulatory disorders, most often characterized by progressive tissue perfusion insufficiency.

Angina pectoris and acute coronary artery disease

Unstable angina is characterized by a pressing, pulling, or squeezing pain behind the breastbone with irradiation to the left arm and shoulder blade, which occurs in response to physical and emotional stress, food intake, and exposure to cold. Acute coronary insufficiency in children and adolescents is associated mainly with exogenous causes.

Aortic dissecting aneurysm

Symptoms of aortic dissection may vary. Aortic dissection may occur in patients with arterial hypertension, previous vascular surgery, Marfan syndrome, and other hereditary connective tissue diseases.

Pulmonary embolism in children

The development of pulmonary embolism is facilitated by factors such as bed rest, heart disease, postoperative pathology, fractures, varicose veins, and obesity.

Phlebothrombosis of the lower extremities

Phlebothrombosis of the lower extremities occurs in patients with severe general diseases and fractures.

Morgagni-Adams-Stokes syndrome.

Morgagni-Adams-Stokes syndrome (MAC) is a syncopal condition developing against the background of asystole, with subsequent development of acute cerebral ischemia. Most often, it develops in children with atrioventricular block grades II-III and sick sinus syndrome with a ventricular rate of less than 70-60 per minute in young children and 45-50 in older children.

Hypertensive crisis in children

A hypertensive crisis is a sudden increase in blood pressure that causes a significant deterioration in health and requires emergency care.

Atrial fibrillation

Currently, a distinction is made between brady- and tachystolic forms of atrial fibrillation. Due to its lesser effect on hemodynamics, the bradystolic form of atrial fibrillation has a more favorable course. Clinically, the tachystolic form can manifest itself as right- and left-ventricular failure. On the electrocardiogram, the RR intervals are different, and there are no P waves.