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Acute rhinoconjunctivitis
Medical expert of the article
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
The pathogenetic basis is formed by IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Rhinoconjunctivitis is a classic example of atopic diseases characterized by the presence of hyperproduction of IgE, a high level of specific IgE and IgC4 antibodies, an imbalance of immunoregulatory cells. The development of changes in the immune system in patients with rhinoconjunctivitis is a consequence of the body's sensitization to allergens and a hereditary predisposition to allergic reactions and diseases.
Symptoms of acute rhinoconjunctivitis
Allergic rhinitis
Patients are troubled by profuse rhinitis, indomitable sneezing attacks, obstruction of nasal breathing until its complete cessation. At the same time there is an itch of a hard palate, pharynx, mucous membrane of the nose, ear passages. These phenomena are accompanied by intoxication, fatigue, decreased appetite, sweating, irritability, tearfulness, sleep disturbance. Symptoms such as rhinorrhea and nasal congestion contribute to the development of sinusitis, eustachiitis, otitis, polyps, bronchial asthma. Morphological expression of acute allergic rhinitis is edema and eosinophilic infiltration of the nasal mucosa.
Treatment of acute rhinoconjunctivitis
Pharmacotherapy of allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis is the use of antiallergic agents of various groups. The main drugs in the treatment of allergic rhinitis are antihistamines. Their therapeutic effect is associated with the blockade of histamine receptors on the cellular structures of different tissues. Almost all antihistamine preparations of the first generation [chloropyramine (suprastin), clemastine (tavegil), diphenhydramine (dimedrol), promethazine (pipolphene), mebhydroline (diazolin), hifenadine hydrochloride (fenkarol)] have significantly antihistaminic activity. After parenteral administration or ingestion, the therapeutic effect of antihistamines appears after 15-30 minutes and reaches a maximum in an hour. It should be emphasized that an important place in the therapy of allergic rhinitis belongs to new generation antihistamines such as loratadine, cetirizine, ebastine (kestin), desloratadine (erius), levocetirizine.
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