The hand (manus) has a skeleton, which includes the bones of the wrist (ossa carpi), metacarpal bones (ossa metacarpi) and bones of the fingers of the hand - the phalanges of the fingers (phalanges digitorum manus).
The radius bone (radius) at the proximal end has the head of the radius (caput radii) with a flat depression - the glenoid fossa (fovea articularis) for articulation with the head of the condyle of the humerus.
The ulna is thickened in its upper part. At this (proximal) end is a trochlear notch (incisura trochlearis), intended for articulation with the trochlea of the humerus.
The bones of the forearm (ossa antebrachii) consist of two bones. The ulna is located medially, the radius is located laterally. These bones touch each other only at their ends, between their bodies there is an interosseous space of the forearm.
The humerus is a long tubular bone. There is a body of the humerus (corpus humeri) and two ends: upper and lower. The upper end (proximal) is thickened and forms the spherical head of the humerus (caput humeri).
The clavicle (clavicula) is a long, S-shaped tubular bone located between the clavicular notch of the sternum medially and the acromial process of the scapula laterally.
The scapula is a flat triangular bone. It is adjacent to the rib cage from its posterolateral side at the level of the 2nd to 7th rib. The scapula has three angles: lower (ingulus inferior), lateral (angulus lateralis) and upper (angulus superior).
In the process of human evolution, the upper limbs became organs of labor. The lower limbs perform the functions of support and movement, holding the human body in an upright position.
The maxillary or maxillary sinus (sinus maxillaris) is a cavity of the upper jaw. The anterior wall of the sinus is thin in the center, thickening in the peripheral parts. This wall is formed by the part of the upper jaw between the infraorbital margin and the alveolar process.
